# Adding pagination to SDKs
Source: https://speakeasy.com/docs/sdks/customize/runtime/pagination

Customize pagination rules for each API operation using the `x-speakeasy-pagination` extension.

Adding pagination to an SDK enhances the developer experience by providing a structured way to handle paginated API responses.

```python
response = sdk.paginatedEndpoint(page=1)
while response is not None:
    # handle response

    response = response.next()
```

The `next()` function returns `nil, nil` when there are no more pages to retrieve, indicating the end of pagination rather than an error

## Configuring pagination

To configure pagination, add the `x-speakeasy-pagination` extension to the OpenAPI description.

```yaml
/paginated/endpoint:
  get:
    parameters:
      - name: page
        in: query
        schema:
          type: integer
        required: true
    responses:
      "200":
        description: OK
        content:
          application/json:
            schema:
              title: res
              type: object
              properties:
                resultArray:
                  type: array
                  items:
                    type: integer
              required:
                - resultArray
    x-speakeasy-pagination:
      type: offsetLimit
      inputs:
        - name: page
          in: parameters
          type: page
      outputs:
        results: $.resultArray
```

The `x-speakeasy-pagination` configuration supports `offsetLimit`, `cursor`, and `url` implementations of pagination.

### Offset and limit pagination

For `type: offsetLimit pagination`, specify at least one of the following `inputs`: `offset` or `page`.

```yaml
x-speakeasy-pagination:
  type: offsetLimit
  inputs:
    - name: page # This input refers to the value called `page`
      in: parameters # In this case, page is an operation parameter (header, query, or path)
      type: page # The page parameter will be used as the page-value for pagination, and will be incremented when `next()` is called
    - name: limit # This input refers to the value called `limit`
      in: parameters # In this case, limit is an operation parameter (header, query, or path)
      type: limit # The limit parameter will be used as the limit-value for pagination
  outputs:
    results: $.data.resultArray # The data.resultArray value of the response will be used to infer whether there is another page
```

At least one response object must have the following structure:

```json
{
  "data": {
    "resultArray": []
  }
}
```

If `inputs.limit` is defined in the pagination configuration, `next()` will return `null` when `$.data.resultArray` has a length of less than the `inputs.limit` value. If `inputs.limit` is omitted, `next()` will return `null` when the length of `$.data.resultArray` is zero.

When using the page input, `output.numPages` can be used instead of `output.results` to determine when the pages for the operation are exhausted.

```yaml
x-speakeasy-pagination:
  type: offsetLimit
  inputs:
    - name: page # This input refers to the value called `page`
      in: parameters # In this case, page is an operation parameter (header, query, or path)
      type: page # The page parameter will be used as the page, and will be incremented when `next()` is called
  outputs:
    numPages: $.data.numPages # The data.numPages value of the response will be used to infer whether there is another page
```

If `output.numPages` is provided, `next()` returns `null` when the incremented page number is greater than the `numPages` value.

At least one response object must have the following structure:

```json
{
  "data": {
    "numPages": 1
  }
}
```

For example, in the following `inputs.offset` configuration, `inputs.limit` has the same effect as in the `inputs.page` example.

```yaml
x-speakeasy-pagination:
  type: offsetLimit
  inputs:
    - name: offset # This offset refers to the value called `offset`
      in: parameters # In this case, offset is an operation parameter (header, query, or path)
      type: offset # The offset parameter will be used as the offset, which will be incremented by the length of the `output.results` array
  outputs:
    results: $.data.resultArray # The length of data.resultArray value of the response will be added to the `offset` value to determine the new offset
```



### Cursor-based pagination

For `type: cursor pagination`, configure the `nextCursor` output. This pagination type uses a cursor value from the previous response.

The following is an example `inputs.cursor` configuration.

```yaml
x-speakeasy-pagination:
  type: cursor
  inputs:
    - name: since
      in: requestBody
      type: cursor
  outputs:
    nextCursor: $.data.resultArray[-1].created_at
```

Because the input above is `in` the `requestBody`, this operation must take a request body with **at least** the following structure:

```json
{
  "since": ""
}
```

At least one response object must have the following structure:

```json
{
  "data": {
    "resultArray": [
      {
        "created_at": ""
      }
    ]
  }
}
```

The `[-1]` syntax in `outputs.nextCursor` indicates the last value in an array using JSONPath negative indexing. Ensure the type of `requestBody.since` matches the type of `outputs.nextCursor`.

### URL-based pagination

When an API returns a URL for the next page, you can use the `url` type in `x-speakeasy-pagination`. Here's an example configuration:

```yaml
/paginated/endpoint:
  get:
    parameters:
      - name: page
        in: query
        schema:
          type: integer
        required: true
    responses:
      "200":
        description: OK
        content:
          application/json:
            schema:
              title: PaginatedResponse
              type: object
              properties:
                results:
                  type: array
                  items:
                    type: object
                next:
                  type: string
                  format: uri
              required:
                - results
                - next
    x-speakeasy-pagination:
      type: url
      outputs:
        nextUrl: $.next
```

The `x-speakeasy-pagination` configuration specifies the type as `url` and uses a JSONPath expression to extract the `nextUrl` from the response.

The response object for the URL-based pagination should have the following structure:

```json
{
  "results": [{ "field": "value" }],
  "next": "http://some_url?page=2"
}
```

## Inputs

**`name`**

With `in: parameters`, this is the name of the parameter to use as the input value.

With `in: requestBody`, this is the name of the request-body property to use as the input value.

**`in`**

Indicates whether the input should be passed into the operation as a path or query parameter (`in: parameters`) or in the request body (`in: requestBody`). Only simple objects are permitted as values in the request body.

**`type`**

import { Table } from "@/mdx/components";

<Table
  data={[
    {
      type: "<code>page</code>",
      description: "The variable that will be incremented on calling `next()`.",
    },
    {
      type: "`offset`",
      description:
        "The variable that will be incremented by the number of results returned by the previous execution. **Note:** Requires `outputs.Results`.",
    },
    {
      type: "`limit`",
      description:
        "When provided, `next()` returns `null` (or equivalent) when the number of results returned by the previous execution is less than the value provided.",
    },
    {
      type: "<code>cursor</code>",
      description:
        "The variable that will be populated with the value from `outputs.nextCursor` when calling `next()`. **Note:** Required for `type: cursor` pagination.",
    },
  ]}
  columns={[
    { key: "type", header: "Type" },
    { key: "description", header: "Description" },
  ]}
/>

## Outputs

All the outputs are expected to be strings adhering to the [JSONPath](https://goessner.net/articles/JsonPath/) schema.

<Table
  data={[
    {
      key: "`numPages`",
      description:
        "When provided, `next()` returns `null` if the `page` input value exceeds the value found at the provided JSON path. **Note:** Requires `page` input.",
    },
    {
      key: "`results`",
      description:
        "When provided, `next()` returns `null` if the array found at the provided JSON path is empty. **Note:** Required by `offset` input.",
    },
    {
      key: "`nextCursor`",
      description:
        "Populates `cursor` with the value found at the provided JSON path when calling `next()`. **Note:** Required by `type: cursor`.",
    },
  ]}
  columns={[
    { key: "key", header: "Key" },
    { key: "description", header: "Description" },
  ]}
/>

If the JSONPath value provided for an output does not match the response returned, `next()` returns `null` because pagination cannot be continued.