---
id: pagination
title: Pagination
sidebar_label: Pagination
hide_title: true
description: 'RTK Query > Usage > Pagination: suggestions for handling paginated data'
---

&nbsp;

# Pagination

RTK Query does not include any built-in pagination behavior. However, RTK Query does make it straightforward to integrate with a standard index-based pagination API. This is the most common form of pagination that you'll need to implement.

## Pagination Recipes

### Setup an endpoint to accept a page `arg`

```ts title="src/app/services/posts.ts"
import { createApi, fetchBaseQuery } from '@reduxjs/toolkit/query/react'
interface Post {
  id: number
  name: string
}
interface ListResponse<T> {
  page: number
  per_page: number
  total: number
  total_pages: number
  data: T[]
}

export const api = createApi({
  baseQuery: fetchBaseQuery({ baseUrl: '/' }),
  endpoints: (build) => ({
    listPosts: build.query<ListResponse<Post>, number | void>({
      query: (page = 1) => `posts?page=${page}`,
    }),
  }),
})

export const { useListPostsQuery } = api
```

### Trigger the next page by incrementing the `page` state variable

```tsx no-transpile title="src/features/posts/PostsManager.tsx"
const PostList = () => {
  const [page, setPage] = useState(1)
  const { data: posts, isLoading, isFetching } = useListPostsQuery(page)

  if (isLoading) {
    return <div>Loading</div>
  }

  if (!posts?.data) {
    return <div>No posts :(</div>
  }

  return (
    <div>
      {posts.data.map(({ id, title, status }) => (
        <div key={id}>
          {title} - {status}
        </div>
      ))}
      <button onClick={() => setPage(page - 1)} isLoading={isFetching}>
        Previous
      </button>
      <button onClick={() => setPage(page + 1)} isLoading={isFetching}>
        Next
      </button>
    </div>
  )
}
```

### Automated Re-fetching of Paginated Queries

It is a common use-case to utilize tag invalidation to perform
[automated re-fetching](./automated-refetching.mdx) with RTK Query.

A potential pitfall when combining this with pagination is that your paginated query may only
provide a _partial_ list at any given time, and hence not `provide` tags for entity IDs that
fall on pages which aren't currently shown. If a specific entity is deleted that falls on an
earlier page, the paginated query will not be providing a tag for that specific ID, and will
not be invalidated to trigger re-fetching data. As a result, items on the current page that
should shift one item up will not have done so, and the total count of items and/or pages
may be incorrect.

A strategy to overcome this is to ensure that the `delete` mutation always `invalidates` the
paginated query, even if the deleted item is not _currently_ provided on that page. We can
leverage the concept of
[advanced invalidation with abstract tag ids](./automated-refetching.mdx#advanced-invalidation-with-abstract-tag-ids)
to do this by `providing` a `'Posts'` tag with the `'PARTIAL-LIST'` ID in our paginated query,
and `invalidating` that corresponding tag for any mutation that should affect it.

```ts title="Example of invalidating cache for paginated queries"
// file: api.ts
import { createApi, fetchBaseQuery } from '@reduxjs/toolkit/query/react'
interface Post {
  id: number
  name: string
}
interface ListResponse<T> {
  page: number
  per_page: number
  total: number
  total_pages: number
  data: T[]
}

export const postApi = createApi({
  reducerPath: 'postsApi',
  baseQuery: fetchBaseQuery({ baseUrl: '/' }),
  tagTypes: ['Posts'],
  endpoints: (build) => ({
    listPosts: build.query<ListResponse<Post>, number | void>({
      query: (page = 1) => `posts?page=${page}`,
      // highlight-start
      providesTags: (result, error, page) =>
        result
          ? [
              // Provides a tag for each post in the current page,
              // as well as the 'PARTIAL-LIST' tag.
              ...result.data.map(({ id }) => ({ type: 'Posts' as const, id })),
              { type: 'Posts', id: 'PARTIAL-LIST' },
            ]
          : [{ type: 'Posts', id: 'PARTIAL-LIST' }],
      // highlight-end
    }),
    deletePost: build.mutation<{ success: boolean; id: number }, number>({
      query(id) {
        return {
          url: `post/${id}`,
          method: 'DELETE',
        }
      },
      // Invalidates the tag for this Post `id`, as well as the `PARTIAL-LIST` tag,
      // causing the `listPosts` query to re-fetch if a component is subscribed to the query.
      // highlight-start
      invalidatesTags: (result, error, id) => [
        { type: 'Posts', id },
        { type: 'Posts', id: 'PARTIAL-LIST' },
      ],
      // highlight-end
    }),
  }),
})
```

## General Pagination Example

In the following example, you'll see `Loading` on the initial query, but then as you move forward we'll use the next/previous buttons as a _fetching_ indicator while any non-cached query is performed. When you go back, the cached data will be served instantaneously.

<iframe
  src="https://codesandbox.io/embed/github/reduxjs/redux-toolkit/tree/master/examples/query/react/pagination?fontsize=12&runonclick=1&hidenavigation=1&theme=dark"
  style={{
    width: '100%',
    height: '600px',
    border: 0,
    borderRadius: '4px',
    overflow: 'hidden',
  }}
  title="RTK Query Pagination Example"
  allow="geolocation; microphone; camera; midi; vr; accelerometer; gyroscope; payment; ambient-light-sensor; encrypted-media; usb"
  sandbox="allow-modals allow-forms allow-popups allow-scripts allow-same-origin"
></iframe>