# Pillow Documentation
# Source: https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/latest/handbook/index.html
# Path: handbook/index.html

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[Pillow (PIL Fork) 12.1.0.dev0 documentation](../index.html)

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  * [Installation](../installation/index.html)
    * [Basic installation](../installation/basic-installation.html)
    * [Python support](../installation/python-support.html)
    * [Platform support](../installation/platform-support.html)
    * [Building from source](../installation/building-from-source.html)
    * [Old versions](../installation/building-from-source.html#old-versions)
  * Handbook
    * [Overview](overview.html)
    * [Tutorial](tutorial.html)
    * [Concepts](concepts.html)
    * [Appendices](appendices.html)
      * [Image file formats](image-file-formats.html)
      * [Text anchors](text-anchors.html)
      * [Third-party plugins](third-party-plugins.html)
      * [Writing your own image plugin](writing-your-own-image-plugin.html)
      * [Decoders](writing-your-own-image-plugin.html#decoders)
      * [Writing your own file codec in C](writing-your-own-image-plugin.html#writing-your-own-file-codec-in-c)
      * [Writing your own file codec in Python](writing-your-own-image-plugin.html#writing-your-own-file-codec-in-python)
  * [Reference](../reference/index.html)
    * [`Image` module](../reference/Image.html)
    * [`ImageChops` (“channel operations”) module](../reference/ImageChops.html)
    * [`ImageCms` module](../reference/ImageCms.html)
    * [`ImageColor` module](../reference/ImageColor.html)
    * [`ImageDraw` module](../reference/ImageDraw.html)
    * [`ImageEnhance` module](../reference/ImageEnhance.html)
    * [`ImageFile` module](../reference/ImageFile.html)
    * [`ImageFilter` module](../reference/ImageFilter.html)
    * [`ImageFont` module](../reference/ImageFont.html)
    * [`ImageGrab` module](../reference/ImageGrab.html)
    * [`ImageMath` module](../reference/ImageMath.html)
    * [`ImageMorph` module](../reference/ImageMorph.html)
    * [`ImageOps` module](../reference/ImageOps.html)
    * [`ImagePalette` module](../reference/ImagePalette.html)
    * [`ImagePath` module](../reference/ImagePath.html)
    * [`ImageQt` module](../reference/ImageQt.html)
    * [`ImageSequence` module](../reference/ImageSequence.html)
    * [`ImageShow` module](../reference/ImageShow.html)
    * [`ImageStat` module](../reference/ImageStat.html)
    * [`ImageText` module](../reference/ImageText.html)
    * [`ImageTk` module](../reference/ImageTk.html)
    * [`ImageTransform` module](../reference/ImageTransform.html)
    * [`ImageWin` module (Windows-only)](../reference/ImageWin.html)
    * [`ExifTags` module](../reference/ExifTags.html)
    * [`TiffTags` module](../reference/TiffTags.html)
    * [`JpegPresets` module](../reference/JpegPresets.html)
    * [`PSDraw` module](../reference/PSDraw.html)
    * [`PixelAccess` class](../reference/PixelAccess.html)
    * [`features` module](../reference/features.html)
    * [PIL package (autodoc of remaining modules)](../PIL.html)
    * [Plugin reference](../reference/plugins.html)
    * [Internal reference](../reference/internal_design.html)
      * [File handling in Pillow](../reference/open_files.html)
      * [Limits](../reference/limits.html)
      * [Block allocator](../reference/block_allocator.html)
      * [Internal modules](../reference/internal_modules.html)
      * [C extension debugging on Linux, with GBD/Valgrind](../reference/c_extension_debugging.html)
      * [Arrow support](../reference/arrow_support.html)
  * [Porting](../porting.html)
  * [About](../about.html)
  * [Release notes](../releasenotes/index.html)
    * [Versioning](../releasenotes/versioning.html)
    * [12.1.0 (unreleased)](../releasenotes/12.1.0.html)
    * [12.0.0 (2025-10-15)](../releasenotes/12.0.0.html)
    * [11.3.0 (2025-07-01)](../releasenotes/11.3.0.html)
    * [11.2.1 (2025-04-12)](../releasenotes/11.2.1.html)
    * [11.1.0 (2025-01-02)](../releasenotes/11.1.0.html)
    * [11.0.0 (2024-10-15)](../releasenotes/11.0.0.html)
    * [10.4.0 (2024-07-01)](../releasenotes/10.4.0.html)
    * [10.3.0 (2024-04-01)](../releasenotes/10.3.0.html)
    * [10.2.0 (2024-01-02)](../releasenotes/10.2.0.html)
    * [10.1.0 (2023-10-15)](../releasenotes/10.1.0.html)
    * [10.0.1 (2023-09-15)](../releasenotes/10.0.1.html)
    * [10.0.0 (2023-07-01)](../releasenotes/10.0.0.html)
    * [9.5.0 (2023-04-01)](../releasenotes/9.5.0.html)
    * [9.4.0 (2023-01-02)](../releasenotes/9.4.0.html)
    * [9.3.0 (2022-10-29)](../releasenotes/9.3.0.html)
    * [9.2.0 (2022-07-01)](../releasenotes/9.2.0.html)
    * [9.1.1 (2022-05-17)](../releasenotes/9.1.1.html)
    * [9.1.0 (2022-04-01)](../releasenotes/9.1.0.html)
    * [9.0.1 (2022-02-03)](../releasenotes/9.0.1.html)
    * [9.0.0 (2022-01-02)](../releasenotes/9.0.0.html)
    * [8.4.0 (2021-10-15)](../releasenotes/8.4.0.html)
    * [8.3.2 (2021-09-02)](../releasenotes/8.3.2.html)
    * [8.3.1 (2021-07-06)](../releasenotes/8.3.1.html)
    * [8.3.0 (2021-07-01)](../releasenotes/8.3.0.html)
    * [8.2.0 (2021-04-01)](../releasenotes/8.2.0.html)
    * [8.1.2 (2021-03-06)](../releasenotes/8.1.2.html)
    * [8.1.1 (2021-03-01)](../releasenotes/8.1.1.html)
    * [8.1.0 (2021-01-02)](../releasenotes/8.1.0.html)
    * [8.0.1 (2020-10-22)](../releasenotes/8.0.1.html)
    * [8.0.0 (2020-10-14)](../releasenotes/8.0.0.html)
    * [7.2.0 (2020-06-30)](../releasenotes/7.2.0.html)
    * [7.1.2 (2020-04-25)](../releasenotes/7.1.2.html)
    * [7.1.1 (2020-04-02)](../releasenotes/7.1.1.html)
    * [7.1.0 (2020-04-01)](../releasenotes/7.1.0.html)
    * [7.0.0 (2020-01-02)](../releasenotes/7.0.0.html)
    * [6.2.2 (2020-01-02)](../releasenotes/6.2.2.html)
    * [6.2.1 (2019-10-20)](../releasenotes/6.2.1.html)
    * [6.2.0 (2019-10-01)](../releasenotes/6.2.0.html)
    * [6.1.0 (2019-07-02)](../releasenotes/6.1.0.html)
    * [6.0.0 (2019-04-02)](../releasenotes/6.0.0.html)
    * [5.4.1 (2019-01-06)](../releasenotes/5.4.1.html)
    * [5.4.0 (2019-01-01)](../releasenotes/5.4.0.html)
    * [5.3.0 (2018-10-01)](../releasenotes/5.3.0.html)
    * [5.2.0 (2018-07-01)](../releasenotes/5.2.0.html)
    * [5.1.0 (2018-04-02)](../releasenotes/5.1.0.html)
    * [5.0.0 (2018-01-01)](../releasenotes/5.0.0.html)
    * [4.3.0 (2017-10-02)](../releasenotes/4.3.0.html)
    * [4.2.1 (2017-07-06)](../releasenotes/4.2.1.html)
    * [4.2.0 (2017-07-01)](../releasenotes/4.2.0.html)
    * [4.1.1 (2017-04-28)](../releasenotes/4.1.1.html)
    * [4.1.0 (2017-04-03)](../releasenotes/4.1.0.html)
    * [4.0.0 (2017-01-01)](../releasenotes/4.0.0.html)
    * [3.4.0 (2016-10-03)](../releasenotes/3.4.0.html)
    * [3.3.2 (2016-09-29)](../releasenotes/3.3.2.html)
    * [3.3.0 (2016-07-01)](../releasenotes/3.3.0.html)
    * [3.2.0 (2016-04-01)](../releasenotes/3.2.0.html)
    * [3.1.2 (2016-04-01)](../releasenotes/3.1.2.html)
    * [3.1.1 (2016-02-04)](../releasenotes/3.1.1.html)
    * [3.1.0 (2016-01-04)](../releasenotes/3.1.0.html)
    * [3.0.0 (2015-10-01)](../releasenotes/3.0.0.html)
    * [2.8.0 (2015-04-01)](../releasenotes/2.8.0.html)
    * [2.7.0 (2014-12-31)](../releasenotes/2.7.0.html)
    * [2.6.0 (2014-10-01)](../releasenotes/2.6.0.html)
    * [2.5.2 (2014-08-12)](../releasenotes/2.5.2.html)
    * [2.3.2 (2014-08-12)](../releasenotes/2.3.2.html)
    * [2.3.1 (2014-03-14)](../releasenotes/2.3.1.html)
  * [Deprecations and removals](../deprecations.html)

Back to top

[ View this page ](../_sources/handbook/index.rst.txt "View this page")

# Handbook¶

  * [Overview](overview.html)
    * [Image archives](overview.html#image-archives)
    * [Image display](overview.html#image-display)
    * [Image processing](overview.html#image-processing)
  * [Tutorial](tutorial.html)
    * [Using the Image class](tutorial.html#using-the-image-class)
    * [Reading and writing images](tutorial.html#reading-and-writing-images)
    * [Cutting, pasting, and merging images](tutorial.html#cutting-pasting-and-merging-images)
    * [Geometrical transforms](tutorial.html#geometrical-transforms)
    * [Color transforms](tutorial.html#color-transforms)
    * [Image enhancement](tutorial.html#image-enhancement)
    * [Image sequences](tutorial.html#image-sequences)
    * [PostScript printing](tutorial.html#postscript-printing)
    * [More on reading images](tutorial.html#more-on-reading-images)
    * [Controlling the decoder](tutorial.html#controlling-the-decoder)
  * [Concepts](concepts.html)
    * [Bands](concepts.html#bands)
    * [Modes](concepts.html#modes)
    * [Size](concepts.html#size)
    * [Coordinate system](concepts.html#coordinate-system)
    * [Palette](concepts.html#palette)
    * [Colors](concepts.html#colors)
    * [Info](concepts.html#info)
    * [Transparency](concepts.html#transparency)
    * [Orientation](concepts.html#orientation)
    * [Filters](concepts.html#filters)
  * [Appendices](appendices.html)
    * [Image file formats](image-file-formats.html)
    * [Text anchors](text-anchors.html)
    * [Third-party plugins](third-party-plugins.html)
    * [Writing your own image plugin](writing-your-own-image-plugin.html)
    * [Decoders](writing-your-own-image-plugin.html#decoders)
    * [Writing your own file codec in C](writing-your-own-image-plugin.html#writing-your-own-file-codec-in-c)
    * [Writing your own file codec in Python](writing-your-own-image-plugin.html#writing-your-own-file-codec-in-python)

[ Next Overview ](overview.html) [ Previous Building from source
](../installation/building-from-source.html)

Copyright (C) 1995-2011 Fredrik Lundh and contributors, 2010 Jeffrey A. Clark
and contributors.

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