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# TO_TIMESTAMP

## Overview

The `TO_TIMESTAMP()` function converts a string into a timestamp based on the provided format. It returns a `TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE` type.

## Syntax

The syntax for using the `TO_TIMESTAMP()` function is as follows:

```sql  theme={null}
SELECT TO_TIMESTAMP('source', 'format'');
```

Let's analyze the above syntax:

* `source`: The date/time value to be converted. The value type is `TIMESTAMP` (`YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS`).
* `format`: The format of the input string.&#x20;

## **Format**

Format string supports following template patterns (can be lowercase):

| **Pattern**                      | **Description**        | **Detail**                                                                      |
| -------------------------------- | ---------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `YYYY`                           | Year (1-9999)          | - The lowest possible value is 1 AD<br />- 0001 is 1<br />- 1 is 1              |
| `MM`                             | Month number (1–12)    | - Up to 2 digits<br />- 01 is 1<br />- 1 is 1                                   |
| `DD`                             | Day of month (1–31)    | - Up to 2 digits<br />- 01 is 1<br />- 1 is 1                                   |
| `HH`                             | Hour of day (1–12)     | - Up to 2 digits<br />- 01 is 1<br />- 1 is 1                                   |
| `HH12`                           | Hour of day (1–12)     | - Up to 2 digits<br />- 01 is 1<br />- 1 is 1                                   |
| `HH24`                           | Hour of day (0–23)     | - Up to 2 digits<br />- 01 is 1<br />- 1 is 1                                   |
| `MI`                             | Minute (0–59)          | - Up to 2 digits<br />- 01 is 1<br />- 1 is 1                                   |
| `SS`                             | Second (0–59)          | - Up to 2 digits<br />- 01 is 1<br />- 1 is 1                                   |
| `MS`                             | Millisecond (0–999)    | - Up to 3 digits<br />- 001 is 1 millisecond<br />- 1 is 100 milliseconds       |
| `US`                             | Microsecond (0–999999) | - Up to 6 digits<br />- 000001 is 1 microsecond<br />- 1 is 100000 milliseconds |
| `AM`, `am`, `PM` or `pm`         | Meridiem indicator     | Without periods                                                                 |
| `A.M.`, `a.m.`, `P.M.` or `p.m.` | Meridiem indicator     | With periods                                                                    |

## Examples

### Case #1: Timestamp into YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI

The `TO_TIMESTAMP()` function converts the provided string into a timestamp with the format `YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI`.

```sql  theme={null}
select TO_TIMESTAMP('2020-03-04 14:30', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI');
```

The final output will be a timestamp with a timezone.

```sql  theme={null}
        to_timestamp          
-------------------------------
 2020-03-04 14:30:00.000000+00
```

### Case #2: Timestamp into MM-DD HH12:MI

The `TO_TIMESTAMP()` function converts the provided string into a timestamp with the format `MM-DD HH12:MI`.

```sql  theme={null}
select TO_TIMESTAMP('3-04 02:30', 'MM-DD HH12:MI');
```

The final output will be a timestamp with a timezone.

```sql  theme={null}
       to_timestamp        
----------------------------
 1-03-04 02:30:00.000000+00
```

### Case #3: Timestamp into YYYY-MM HH12:MI(AM/PM)

The `TO_TIMESTAMP()`\` function converts the provided string into a timestamp with the format `YYYY-MM HH12:MI` with meridiem indicator (AM/PM).

**Request 1**

```sql  theme={null}
select TO_TIMESTAMP('2020-02 12:30AM', 'YYYY-MM HH12:MIPM');
```

**Request 2**

```sql  theme={null}
select TO_TIMESTAMP('2020-02 12:30AM', 'YYYY-MM HH:MIAM');
```

The final output of both requests will have the same result. It changes the time into a 12-hour format, resulting in **12:30** being adjusted to **00:30**.

```sql  theme={null}
         to_timestamp          
-------------------------------
 2020-02-01 00:30:00.000000+00
```

### Case #4: Timestamp into YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.MS.US

The `TO_TIMESTAMP()` function converts the provided string into a timestamp with `YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.MS.US` format.

```sql  theme={null}
select TO_TIMESTAMP('1960-01-31 15:12:02.020.001230', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.MS.US');
```

The final output will be a timestamp with milliseconds and microseconds.

```sql  theme={null}
        to_timestamp          
-------------------------------
 1960-01-31 15:12:02.021230+00
```

### Case #5: Timestamp into YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.MS

The `TO_TIMESTAMP()` function converts the provided string into a timestamp with `YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.MS` format.

```sql  theme={null}
select TO_TIMESTAMP('1960-01-31 15:12:02.02', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.MS');
```

The final output will be a timestamp with milliseconds.

```sql  theme={null}
        to_timestamp          
-------------------------------
 1960-01-31 15:12:02.020000+00
```