# Laravel Horizon

- [Introduction](#introduction)
- [Installation](#installation)
    - [Configuration](#configuration)
    - [Balancing Strategies](#balancing-strategies)
    - [Dashboard Authorization](#dashboard-authorization)
    - [Silenced Jobs](#silenced-jobs)
- [Upgrading Horizon](#upgrading-horizon)
- [Running Horizon](#running-horizon)
    - [Deploying Horizon](#deploying-horizon)
- [Tags](#tags)
- [Notifications](#notifications)
- [Metrics](#metrics)
- [Deleting Failed Jobs](#deleting-failed-jobs)
- [Clearing Jobs From Queues](#clearing-jobs-from-queues)

<a name="introduction"></a>
## Introduction

> [!NOTE]
> Before digging into Laravel Horizon, you should familiarize yourself with Laravel's base [queue services](/docs/{{version}}/queues). Horizon augments Laravel's queue with additional features that may be confusing if you are not already familiar with the basic queue features offered by Laravel.

[Laravel Horizon](https://github.com/laravel/horizon) provides a beautiful dashboard and code-driven configuration for your Laravel powered [Redis queues](/docs/{{version}}/queues). Horizon allows you to easily monitor key metrics of your queue system such as job throughput, runtime, and job failures.

When using Horizon, all of your queue worker configuration is stored in a single, simple configuration file. By defining your application's worker configuration in a version controlled file, you may easily scale or modify your application's queue workers when deploying your application.

<img src="https://laravel.com/img/docs/horizon-example.png">

<a name="installation"></a>
## Installation

> [!WARNING]
> Laravel Horizon requires that you use [Redis](https://redis.io) to power your queue. Therefore, you should ensure that your queue connection is set to `redis` in your application's `config/queue.php` configuration file.

You may install Horizon into your project using the Composer package manager:

```shell
composer require laravel/horizon
```

After installing Horizon, publish its assets using the `horizon:install` Artisan command:

```shell
php artisan horizon:install
```

<a name="configuration"></a>
### Configuration

After publishing Horizon's assets, its primary configuration file will be located at `config/horizon.php`. This configuration file allows you to configure the queue worker options for your application. Each configuration option includes a description of its purpose, so be sure to thoroughly explore this file.

> [!WARNING]
> Horizon uses a Redis connection named `horizon` internally. This Redis connection name is reserved and should not be assigned to another Redis connection in the `database.php` configuration file or as the value of the `use` option in the `horizon.php` configuration file.

<a name="environments"></a>
#### Environments

After installation, the primary Horizon configuration option that you should familiarize yourself with is the `environments` configuration option. This configuration option is an array of environments that your application runs on and defines the worker process options for each environment. By default, this entry contains a `production` and `local` environment. However, you are free to add more environments as needed:

```php
'environments' => [
    'production' => [
        'supervisor-1' => [
            'maxProcesses' => 10,
            'balanceMaxShift' => 1,
            'balanceCooldown' => 3,
        ],
    ],

    'local' => [
        'supervisor-1' => [
            'maxProcesses' => 3,
        ],
    ],
],
```

You may also define a wildcard environment (`*`) which will be used when no other matching environment is found:

```php
'environments' => [
    // ...

    '*' => [
        'supervisor-1' => [
            'maxProcesses' => 3,
        ],
    ],
],
```

When you start Horizon, it will use the worker process configuration options for the environment that your application is running on. Typically, the environment is determined by the value of the `APP_ENV` [environment variable](/docs/{{version}}/configuration#determining-the-current-environment). For example, the default `local` Horizon environment is configured to start three worker processes and automatically balance the number of worker processes assigned to each queue. The default `production` environment is configured to start a maximum of 10 worker processes and automatically balance the number of worker processes assigned to each queue.

> [!WARNING]
> You should ensure that the `environments` portion of your `horizon` configuration file contains an entry for each [environment](/docs/{{version}}/configuration#environment-configuration) on which you plan to run Horizon.

<a name="supervisors"></a>
#### Supervisors

As you can see in Horizon's default configuration file, each environment can contain one or more "supervisors". By default, the configuration file defines this supervisor as `supervisor-1`; however, you are free to name your supervisors whatever you want. Each supervisor is essentially responsible for "supervising" a group of worker processes and takes care of balancing worker processes across queues.

You may add additional supervisors to a given environment if you would like to define a new group of worker processes that should run in that environment. You may choose to do this if you would like to define a different balancing strategy or worker process count for a given queue used by your application.

<a name="maintenance-mode"></a>
#### Maintenance Mode

While your application is in [maintenance mode](/docs/{{version}}/configuration#maintenance-mode), queued jobs will not be processed by Horizon unless the supervisor's `force` option is defined as `true` within the Horizon configuration file:

```php
'environments' => [
    'production' => [
        'supervisor-1' => [
            // ...
            'force' => true,
        ],
    ],
],
```

<a name="default-values"></a>
#### Default Values

Within Horizon's default configuration file, you will notice a `defaults` configuration option. This configuration option specifies the default values for your application's [supervisors](#supervisors). The supervisor's default configuration values will be merged into the supervisor's configuration for each environment, allowing you to avoid unnecessary repetition when defining your supervisors.

<a name="balancing-strategies"></a>
### Balancing Strategies

Unlike Laravel's default queue system, Horizon allows you to choose from three worker balancing strategies: `simple`, `auto`, and `false`. The `simple` strategy splits incoming jobs evenly between worker processes:

    'balance' => 'simple',

The `auto` strategy, which is the configuration file's default, adjusts the number of worker processes per queue based on the current workload of the queue. For example, if your `notifications` queue has 1,000 pending jobs while your `render` queue is empty, Horizon will allocate more workers to your `notifications` queue until the queue is empty.

When using the `auto` strategy, you may define the `minProcesses` and `maxProcesses` configuration options to control the minimum number of processes per queue and the maximum number of worker processes in total Horizon should scale up and down to:

```php
'environments' => [
    'production' => [
        'supervisor-1' => [
            'connection' => 'redis',
            'queue' => ['default'],
            'balance' => 'auto',
            'autoScalingStrategy' => 'time',
            'minProcesses' => 1,
            'maxProcesses' => 10,
            'balanceMaxShift' => 1,
            'balanceCooldown' => 3,
            'tries' => 3,
        ],
    ],
],
```

The `autoScalingStrategy` configuration value determines if Horizon will assign more worker processes to queues based on the total amount of time it will take to clear the queue (`time` strategy) or by the total number of jobs on the queue (`size` strategy).

The `balanceMaxShift` and `balanceCooldown` configuration values determine how quickly Horizon will scale to meet worker demand. In the example above, a maximum of one new process will be created or destroyed every three seconds. You are free to tweak these values as necessary based on your application's needs.

When the `balance` option is set to `false`, the default Laravel behavior will be used, wherein queues are processed in the order they are listed in your configuration.

<a name="dashboard-authorization"></a>
### Dashboard Authorization

The Horizon dashboard may be accessed via the `/horizon` route. By default, you will only be able to access this dashboard in the `local` environment. However, within your `app/Providers/HorizonServiceProvider.php` file, there is an [authorization gate](/docs/{{version}}/authorization#gates) definition. This authorization gate controls access to Horizon in **non-local** environments. You are free to modify this gate as needed to restrict access to your Horizon installation:

```php
/**
 * Register the Horizon gate.
 *
 * This gate determines who can access Horizon in non-local environments.
 */
protected function gate(): void
{
    Gate::define('viewHorizon', function (User $user) {
        return in_array($user->email, [
            'taylor@laravel.com',
        ]);
    });
}
```

<a name="alternative-authentication-strategies"></a>
#### Alternative Authentication Strategies

Remember that Laravel automatically injects the authenticated user into the gate closure. If your application is providing Horizon security via another method, such as IP restrictions, then your Horizon users may not need to "login". Therefore, you will need to change `function (User $user)` closure signature above to `function (User $user = null)` in order to force Laravel to not require authentication.

<a name="silenced-jobs"></a>
### Silenced Jobs

Sometimes, you may not be interested in viewing certain jobs dispatched by your application or third-party packages. Instead of these jobs taking up space in your "Completed Jobs" list, you can silence them. To get started, add the job's class name to the `silenced` configuration option in your application's `horizon` configuration file:

```php
'silenced' => [
    App\Jobs\ProcessPodcast::class,
],
```

Alternatively, the job you wish to silence can implement the `Laravel\Horizon\Contracts\Silenced` interface. If a job implements this interface, it will automatically be silenced, even if it is not present in the `silenced` configuration array:

```php
use Laravel\Horizon\Contracts\Silenced;

class ProcessPodcast implements ShouldQueue, Silenced
{
    use Queueable;

    // ...
}
```

<a name="upgrading-horizon"></a>
## Upgrading Horizon

When upgrading to a new major version of Horizon, it's important that you carefully review [the upgrade guide](https://github.com/laravel/horizon/blob/master/UPGRADE.md).

<a name="running-horizon"></a>
## Running Horizon

Once you have configured your supervisors and workers in your application's `config/horizon.php` configuration file, you may start Horizon using the `horizon` Artisan command. This single command will start all of the configured worker processes for the current environment:

```shell
php artisan horizon
```

You may pause the Horizon process and instruct it to continue processing jobs using the `horizon:pause` and `horizon:continue` Artisan commands:

```shell
php artisan horizon:pause

php artisan horizon:continue
```

You may also pause and continue specific Horizon [supervisors](#supervisors) using the `horizon:pause-supervisor` and `horizon:continue-supervisor` Artisan commands:

```shell
php artisan horizon:pause-supervisor supervisor-1

php artisan horizon:continue-supervisor supervisor-1
```

You may check the current status of the Horizon process using the `horizon:status` Artisan command:

```shell
php artisan horizon:status
```

You may check the current status of a specific Horizon [supervisor](#supervisors) using the `horizon:supervisor-status` Artisan command:

```shell
php artisan horizon:supervisor-status supervisor-1
```

You may gracefully terminate the Horizon process using the `horizon:terminate` Artisan command. Any jobs that are currently being processed will be completed and then Horizon will stop executing:

```shell
php artisan horizon:terminate
```

<a name="deploying-horizon"></a>
### Deploying Horizon

When you're ready to deploy Horizon to your application's actual server, you should configure a process monitor to monitor the `php artisan horizon` command and restart it if it exits unexpectedly. Don't worry, we'll discuss how to install a process monitor below.

During your application's deployment process, you should instruct the Horizon process to terminate so that it will be restarted by your process monitor and receive your code changes:

```shell
php artisan horizon:terminate
```

<a name="installing-supervisor"></a>
#### Installing Supervisor

Supervisor is a process monitor for the Linux operating system and will automatically restart your `horizon` process if it stops executing. To install Supervisor on Ubuntu, you may use the following command. If you are not using Ubuntu, you can likely install Supervisor using your operating system's package manager:

```shell
sudo apt-get install supervisor
```

> [!NOTE]
> If configuring Supervisor yourself sounds overwhelming, consider using [Laravel Cloud](https://cloud.laravel.com), which can manage background processes for your Laravel applications.

<a name="supervisor-configuration"></a>
#### Supervisor Configuration

Supervisor configuration files are typically stored within your server's `/etc/supervisor/conf.d` directory. Within this directory, you may create any number of configuration files that instruct supervisor how your processes should be monitored. For example, let's create a `horizon.conf` file that starts and monitors a `horizon` process:

```ini
[program:horizon]
process_name=%(program_name)s
command=php /home/forge/example.com/artisan horizon
autostart=true
autorestart=true
user=forge
redirect_stderr=true
stdout_logfile=/home/forge/example.com/horizon.log
stopwaitsecs=3600
```

When defining your Supervisor configuration, you should ensure that the value of `stopwaitsecs` is greater than the number of seconds consumed by your longest running job. Otherwise, Supervisor may kill the job before it is finished processing.

> [!WARNING]
> While the examples above are valid for Ubuntu based servers, the location and file extension expected of Supervisor configuration files may vary between other server operating systems. Please consult your server's documentation for more information.

<a name="starting-supervisor"></a>
#### Starting Supervisor

Once the configuration file has been created, you may update the Supervisor configuration and start the monitored processes using the following commands:

```shell
sudo supervisorctl reread

sudo supervisorctl update

sudo supervisorctl start horizon
```

> [!NOTE]
> For more information on running Supervisor, consult the [Supervisor documentation](http://supervisord.org/index.html).

<a name="tags"></a>
## Tags

Horizon allows you to assign “tags” to jobs, including mailables, broadcast events, notifications, and queued event listeners. In fact, Horizon will intelligently and automatically tag most jobs depending on the Eloquent models that are attached to the job. For example, take a look at the following job:

```php
<?php

namespace App\Jobs;

use App\Models\Video;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Queue\Queueable;

class RenderVideo implements ShouldQueue
{
    use Queueable;

    /**
     * Create a new job instance.
     */
    public function __construct(
        public Video $video,
    ) {}

    /**
     * Execute the job.
     */
    public function handle(): void
    {
        // ...
    }
}
```

If this job is queued with an `App\Models\Video` instance that has an `id` attribute of `1`, it will automatically receive the tag `App\Models\Video:1`. This is because Horizon will search the job's properties for any Eloquent models. If Eloquent models are found, Horizon will intelligently tag the job using the model's class name and primary key:

```php
use App\Jobs\RenderVideo;
use App\Models\Video;

$video = Video::find(1);

RenderVideo::dispatch($video);
```

<a name="manually-tagging-jobs"></a>
#### Manually Tagging Jobs

If you would like to manually define the tags for one of your queueable objects, you may define a `tags` method on the class:

```php
class RenderVideo implements ShouldQueue
{
    /**
     * Get the tags that should be assigned to the job.
     *
     * @return array<int, string>
     */
    public function tags(): array
    {
        return ['render', 'video:'.$this->video->id];
    }
}
```

<a name="manually-tagging-event-listeners"></a>
#### Manually Tagging Event Listeners

When retrieving the tags for a queued event listener, Horizon will automatically pass the event instance to the `tags` method, allowing you to add event data to the tags:

```php
class SendRenderNotifications implements ShouldQueue
{
    /**
     * Get the tags that should be assigned to the listener.
     *
     * @return array<int, string>
     */
    public function tags(VideoRendered $event): array
    {
        return ['video:'.$event->video->id];
    }
}
```

<a name="notifications"></a>
## Notifications

> [!WARNING]
> When configuring Horizon to send Slack or SMS notifications, you should review the [prerequisites for the relevant notification channel](/docs/{{version}}/notifications).

If you would like to be notified when one of your queues has a long wait time, you may use the `Horizon::routeMailNotificationsTo`, `Horizon::routeSlackNotificationsTo`, and `Horizon::routeSmsNotificationsTo` methods. You may call these methods from the `boot` method of your application's `App\Providers\HorizonServiceProvider`:

```php
/**
 * Bootstrap any application services.
 */
public function boot(): void
{
    parent::boot();

    Horizon::routeSmsNotificationsTo('15556667777');
    Horizon::routeMailNotificationsTo('example@example.com');
    Horizon::routeSlackNotificationsTo('slack-webhook-url', '#channel');
}
```

<a name="configuring-notification-wait-time-thresholds"></a>
#### Configuring Notification Wait Time Thresholds

You may configure how many seconds are considered a "long wait" within your application's `config/horizon.php` configuration file. The `waits` configuration option within this file allows you to control the long wait threshold for each connection / queue combination. Any undefined connection / queue combinations will default to a long wait threshold of 60 seconds:

```php
'waits' => [
    'redis:critical' => 30,
    'redis:default' => 60,
    'redis:batch' => 120,
],
```

<a name="metrics"></a>
## Metrics

Horizon includes a metrics dashboard which provides information regarding your job and queue wait times and throughput. In order to populate this dashboard, you should configure Horizon's `snapshot` Artisan command to run every five minutes in your application's `routes/console.php` file:

```php
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schedule;

Schedule::command('horizon:snapshot')->everyFiveMinutes();
```

<a name="deleting-failed-jobs"></a>
## Deleting Failed Jobs

If you would like to delete a failed job, you may use the `horizon:forget` command. The `horizon:forget` command accepts the ID or UUID of the failed job as its only argument:

```shell
php artisan horizon:forget 5
```

If you would like to delete all failed jobs, you may provide the `--all` option to the `horizon:forget` command:

```shell
php artisan horizon:forget --all
```

<a name="clearing-jobs-from-queues"></a>
## Clearing Jobs From Queues

If you would like to delete all jobs from your application's default queue, you may do so using the `horizon:clear` Artisan command:

```shell
php artisan horizon:clear
```

You may provide the `queue` option to delete jobs from a specific queue:

```shell
php artisan horizon:clear --queue=emails
```