# Source: https://dbeaver.com/docs/dbeaver/Virtual-column-expressions/

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        * How to use 
          * Functions 
            * math 
            * geo 
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            * table 
          * Editing virtual columns 
          * Defining virtual keys 
      * [ Virtual keys  ](../Virtual-Keys/)
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Table of contents

  * How to use 
    * Functions 
      * math 
      * geo 
      * content 
      * row 
      * table 
    * Editing virtual columns 
    * Defining virtual keys 

  1. [DBeaver](/docs/dbeaver)
  2. [Data Editor](/docs/dbeaver/Data-Editor)
  3. Virtual entities

# Virtual columns

Virtual columns in DBeaver let you display calculated values in query results
without changing the underlying database schema. They use an expression
language based on the [Apache Commons
JEXL](http://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-jexl/reference/syntax.html)
engine, which supports JavaScript-like syntax, functions, and variables.
Expressions are evaluated in real time when you view data.

Note

Virtual columns exist only inside DBeaver and are not saved in the database.

## How to use¶

You can access the settings for configuring virtual columns through two
different methods:

  1. **[Properties Editor](../Properties-Editor/)** :

     1. Navigate to the **Properties Editor**.
     2. Select the **Virtual** tab from the **Tabbed editors**.
     3. In the **Virtual columns** section, click **Add**
     4. Enter a name and an expression for the new column

![](../images/ug/virtual-entities/virtual-entities-in-properties-editor.png)

  2. **[Data Editor](../Data-Editor/)**

     1. Right-click inside the Data Editor
     2. Select **Logical structure - > Add virtual column**
     3. Enter a name and an expression

![](../images/ug/grid_virtual_column_create.png)

Info

Virtual columns are shown alongside other columns in the Data Editor. Their
values are calculated dynamically based on your expression.

### Functions¶

Functions are grouped into namespaces. You can refer to the functions in the
namespaces as variables - `nsName.functionName(parameters)`.

#### math¶

You can access all math functions as `math.function(parameters)`.

Info

See the full list of supported math functions in the [Oracle
documentation](https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E12839_01/apirefs.1111/e12048/functmath.htm).

#### geo¶

Function | Parameters | Description  
---|---|---  
wktPoint | (`longitude`, `latitude`) | Produces WKT (geometry) point out of two coordinates. Default SRID is `4326`.  
wktPoint | (`longitude`, `latitude`, `srid`) | Produces WKT (geometry) point out of two coordinates and SRID  
  
#### content¶

If you have JSON or XML columns in your table, you can add a virtual column
with an expression for these columns.

Use `content.json(<columnName>)[parameter1][parameter2]` pattern to create
expression for JSON column.

Example

    
    
    content.json(column1)['glossary']['GlossDiv']['title']
    

Use `content.xml(columnName, "expression")` or `content.xml(columnName,
"returnType", "expression")` patterns to create an expression for an XML
column. The quotation is important for parsing processes. The `"expression"`
parameter is an [XPath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XPath) query used to
select data from the XML.

XML expression can return types: \- `string` \- `number` \- `boolean` \-
`node` \- `nodeset`

All these types can be used without quotes in the return type parameter.
`content.xml(columnName, "expression")` returns `string` by default.

Example

    
    
    content.xml(column1, "nodeset", "/Employees/Employee[gender='Female']/name/text()")
    

#### row¶

`row` is a map of all columns in the current row, where keys are column names
and values are column values. Use quotes or backticks for names with spaces,
punctuation, or digits.

Example

    
    
    row['First Name'] + ' ' + row['Last Name']
    

You can also refer to columns without `row` if their names are simple (no
spaces or special characters).

Example

    
    
    FirstName + ' ' + LastName
    

#### table¶

`table` contains metadata about the current table. Supports:

  * `name`
  * `schema`
  * `container`

Example

    
    
    table.name
    

### Editing virtual columns¶

To modify or delete an existing virtual column:

  1. Access the settings for configuring virtual columns.
  2. Select the column you want to change.

  3. To edit, click **Edit** and update the name or expression.

  4. To delete, click **Remove**.

Note

Changes apply only in DBeaver and donât affect the database schema.

### Defining virtual keys¶

In cases where a table lacks a unique key, DBeaver provides the functionality
to define a virtual key. This feature allows the creation of a custom set of
columns that act as a unique identifier for table rows, facilitating the
saving of changes in the absence of traditional unique constraints.

Info

Refer to the [Virtual Keys](../Virtual-Keys/) documentation for additional
details on configuring and using virtual keys.

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