# Source: https://docs.crewai.com/en/concepts/llms.md

> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.crewai.com/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# LLMs

> A comprehensive guide to configuring and using Large Language Models (LLMs) in your CrewAI projects

## Overview

CrewAI integrates with multiple LLM providers through providers native sdks, giving you the flexibility to choose the right model for your specific use case. This guide will help you understand how to configure and use different LLM providers in your CrewAI projects.

## What are LLMs?

Large Language Models (LLMs) are the core intelligence behind CrewAI agents. They enable agents to understand context, make decisions, and generate human-like responses. Here's what you need to know:

<CardGroup cols={2}>
  <Card title="LLM Basics" icon="brain">
    Large Language Models are AI systems trained on vast amounts of text data. They power the intelligence of your CrewAI agents, enabling them to understand and generate human-like text.
  </Card>

  <Card title="Context Window" icon="window">
    The context window determines how much text an LLM can process at once. Larger windows (e.g., 128K tokens) allow for more context but may be more expensive and slower.
  </Card>

  <Card title="Temperature" icon="temperature-three-quarters">
    Temperature (0.0 to 1.0) controls response randomness. Lower values (e.g., 0.2) produce more focused, deterministic outputs, while higher values (e.g., 0.8) increase creativity and variability.
  </Card>

  <Card title="Provider Selection" icon="server">
    Each LLM provider (e.g., OpenAI, Anthropic, Google) offers different models with varying capabilities, pricing, and features. Choose based on your needs for accuracy, speed, and cost.
  </Card>
</CardGroup>

## Setting up your LLM

There are different places in CrewAI code where you can specify the model to use. Once you specify the model you are using, you will need to provide the configuration (like an API key) for each of the model providers you use. See the [provider configuration examples](#provider-configuration-examples) section for your provider.

<Tabs>
  <Tab title="1. Environment Variables">
    The simplest way to get started. Set the model in your environment directly, through an `.env` file or in your app code. If you used `crewai create` to bootstrap your project, it will be set already.

    ```bash .env theme={null}
    MODEL=model-id  # e.g. gpt-4o, gemini-2.0-flash, claude-3-sonnet-...

    # Be sure to set your API keys here too. See the Provider
    # section below.
    ```

    <Warning>
      Never commit API keys to version control. Use environment files (.env) or your system's secret management.
    </Warning>
  </Tab>

  <Tab title="2. YAML Configuration">
    Create a YAML file to define your agent configurations. This method is great for version control and team collaboration:

    ```yaml agents.yaml {6} theme={null}
    researcher:
        role: Research Specialist
        goal: Conduct comprehensive research and analysis
        backstory: A dedicated research professional with years of experience
        verbose: true
        llm: provider/model-id  # e.g. openai/gpt-4o, google/gemini-2.0-flash, anthropic/claude...
        # (see provider configuration examples below for more)
    ```

    <Info>
      The YAML configuration allows you to:

      * Version control your agent settings
      * Easily switch between different models
      * Share configurations across team members
      * Document model choices and their purposes
    </Info>
  </Tab>

  <Tab title="3. Direct Code">
    For maximum flexibility, configure LLMs directly in your Python code:

    ```python {4,8} theme={null}
    from crewai import LLM

    # Basic configuration
    llm = LLM(model="model-id-here")  # gpt-4o, gemini-2.0-flash, anthropic/claude...

    # Advanced configuration with detailed parameters
    llm = LLM(
        model="model-id-here",  # gpt-4o, gemini-2.0-flash, anthropic/claude...
        temperature=0.7,        # Higher for more creative outputs
        timeout=120,            # Seconds to wait for response
        max_tokens=4000,        # Maximum length of response
        top_p=0.9,              # Nucleus sampling parameter
        frequency_penalty=0.1 , # Reduce repetition
        presence_penalty=0.1,   # Encourage topic diversity
        response_format={"type": "json"},  # For structured outputs
        seed=42                 # For reproducible results
    )
    ```

    <Info>
      Parameter explanations:

      * `temperature`: Controls randomness (0.0-1.0)
      * `timeout`: Maximum wait time for response
      * `max_tokens`: Limits response length
      * `top_p`: Alternative to temperature for sampling
      * `frequency_penalty`: Reduces word repetition
      * `presence_penalty`: Encourages new topics
      * `response_format`: Specifies output structure
      * `seed`: Ensures consistent outputs
    </Info>
  </Tab>
</Tabs>

## Provider Configuration Examples

CrewAI supports a multitude of LLM providers, each offering unique features, authentication methods, and model capabilities.
In this section, you'll find detailed examples that help you select, configure, and optimize the LLM that best fits your project's needs.

<AccordionGroup>
  <Accordion title="OpenAI">
    CrewAI provides native integration with OpenAI through the OpenAI Python SDK.

    ```toml Code theme={null}
    # Required
    OPENAI_API_KEY=sk-...

    # Optional
    OPENAI_BASE_URL=<custom-base-url>
    ```

    **Basic Usage:**

    ```python Code theme={null}
    from crewai import LLM

    llm = LLM(
        model="openai/gpt-4o",
        api_key="your-api-key",  # Or set OPENAI_API_KEY
        temperature=0.7,
        max_tokens=4000
    )
    ```

    **Advanced Configuration:**

    ```python Code theme={null}
    from crewai import LLM

    llm = LLM(
        model="openai/gpt-4o",
        api_key="your-api-key",
        base_url="https://api.openai.com/v1",  # Optional custom endpoint
        organization="org-...",  # Optional organization ID
        project="proj_...",  # Optional project ID
        temperature=0.7,
        max_tokens=4000,
        max_completion_tokens=4000,  # For newer models
        top_p=0.9,
        frequency_penalty=0.1,
        presence_penalty=0.1,
        stop=["END"],
        seed=42,  # For reproducible outputs
        stream=True,  # Enable streaming
        timeout=60.0,  # Request timeout in seconds
        max_retries=3,  # Maximum retry attempts
        logprobs=True,  # Return log probabilities
        top_logprobs=5,  # Number of most likely tokens
        reasoning_effort="medium"  # For o1 models: low, medium, high
    )
    ```

    **Structured Outputs:**

    ```python Code theme={null}
    from pydantic import BaseModel
    from crewai import LLM

    class ResponseFormat(BaseModel):
        name: str
        age: int
        summary: str

    llm = LLM(
        model="openai/gpt-4o",
    )
    ```

    **Supported Environment Variables:**

    * `OPENAI_API_KEY`: Your OpenAI API key (required)
    * `OPENAI_BASE_URL`: Custom base URL for OpenAI API (optional)

    **Features:**

    * Native function calling support (except o1 models)
    * Structured outputs with JSON schema
    * Streaming support for real-time responses
    * Token usage tracking
    * Stop sequences support (except o1 models)
    * Log probabilities for token-level insights
    * Reasoning effort control for o1 models

    **Supported Models:**

    | Model        | Context Window | Best For                                    |
    | ------------ | -------------- | ------------------------------------------- |
    | gpt-4.1      | 1M tokens      | Latest model with enhanced capabilities     |
    | gpt-4.1-mini | 1M tokens      | Efficient version with large context        |
    | gpt-4.1-nano | 1M tokens      | Ultra-efficient variant                     |
    | gpt-4o       | 128,000 tokens | Optimized for speed and intelligence        |
    | gpt-4o-mini  | 200,000 tokens | Cost-effective with large context           |
    | gpt-4-turbo  | 128,000 tokens | Long-form content, document analysis        |
    | gpt-4        | 8,192 tokens   | High-accuracy tasks, complex reasoning      |
    | o1           | 200,000 tokens | Advanced reasoning, complex problem-solving |
    | o1-preview   | 128,000 tokens | Preview of reasoning capabilities           |
    | o1-mini      | 128,000 tokens | Efficient reasoning model                   |
    | o3-mini      | 200,000 tokens | Lightweight reasoning model                 |
    | o4-mini      | 200,000 tokens | Next-gen efficient reasoning                |

    **Responses API:**

    OpenAI offers two APIs: Chat Completions (default) and the newer Responses API. The Responses API was designed from the ground up with native multimodal support—text, images, audio, and function calls are all first-class citizens. It provides better performance with reasoning models and supports additional features like auto-chaining and built-in tools.

    ```python Code theme={null}
    from crewai import LLM

    # Use the Responses API instead of Chat Completions
    llm = LLM(
        model="openai/gpt-4o",
        api="responses",  # Enable Responses API
        store=True,  # Store responses for multi-turn (optional)
        auto_chain=True,  # Auto-chain for reasoning models (optional)
    )
    ```

    **Responses API Parameters:**

    * `api`: Set to `"responses"` to use the Responses API (default: `"completions"`)
    * `instructions`: System-level instructions (Responses API only)
    * `store`: Whether to store responses for multi-turn conversations
    * `previous_response_id`: ID of previous response for multi-turn
    * `include`: Additional data to include in response (e.g., `["reasoning.encrypted_content"]`)
    * `builtin_tools`: List of OpenAI built-in tools: `"web_search"`, `"file_search"`, `"code_interpreter"`, `"computer_use"`
    * `parse_tool_outputs`: Return structured `ResponsesAPIResult` with parsed built-in tool outputs
    * `auto_chain`: Automatically track and use response IDs for multi-turn conversations
    * `auto_chain_reasoning`: Track encrypted reasoning items for ZDR (Zero Data Retention) compliance

    <Tip>
      Use the Responses API for new projects, especially when working with reasoning models (o1, o3, o4) or when you need native multimodal support for [files](/en/concepts/files).
    </Tip>

    **Note:** To use OpenAI, install the required dependencies:

    ```bash  theme={null}
    uv add "crewai[openai]"
    ```
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Meta-Llama">
    Meta's Llama API provides access to Meta's family of large language models.
    The API is available through the [Meta Llama API](https://llama.developer.meta.com?utm_source=partner-crewai\&utm_medium=website).
    Set the following environment variables in your `.env` file:

    ```toml Code theme={null}
    # Meta Llama API Key Configuration
    LLAMA_API_KEY=LLM|your_api_key_here
    ```

    Example usage in your CrewAI project:

    ```python Code theme={null}
    from crewai import LLM

    # Initialize Meta Llama LLM
    llm = LLM(
        model="meta_llama/Llama-4-Scout-17B-16E-Instruct-FP8",
        temperature=0.8,
        stop=["END"],
        seed=42
    )
    ```

    All models listed here [https://llama.developer.meta.com/docs/models/](https://llama.developer.meta.com/docs/models/) are supported.

    | Model ID                                            | Input context length | Output context length | Input Modalities | Output Modalities |
    | --------------------------------------------------- | -------------------- | --------------------- | ---------------- | ----------------- |
    | `meta_llama/Llama-4-Scout-17B-16E-Instruct-FP8`     | 128k                 | 4028                  | Text, Image      | Text              |
    | `meta_llama/Llama-4-Maverick-17B-128E-Instruct-FP8` | 128k                 | 4028                  | Text, Image      | Text              |
    | `meta_llama/Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct`                 | 128k                 | 4028                  | Text             | Text              |
    | `meta_llama/Llama-3.3-8B-Instruct`                  | 128k                 | 4028                  | Text             | Text              |
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Anthropic">
    CrewAI provides native integration with Anthropic through the Anthropic Python SDK.

    ```toml Code theme={null}
    # Required
    ANTHROPIC_API_KEY=sk-ant-...
    ```

    **Basic Usage:**

    ```python Code theme={null}
    from crewai import LLM

    llm = LLM(
        model="anthropic/claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022",
        api_key="your-api-key",  # Or set ANTHROPIC_API_KEY
        max_tokens=4096  # Required for Anthropic
    )
    ```

    **Advanced Configuration:**

    ```python Code theme={null}
    from crewai import LLM

    llm = LLM(
        model="anthropic/claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022",
        api_key="your-api-key",
        base_url="https://api.anthropic.com",  # Optional custom endpoint
        temperature=0.7,
        max_tokens=4096,  # Required parameter
        top_p=0.9,
        stop_sequences=["END", "STOP"],  # Anthropic uses stop_sequences
        stream=True,  # Enable streaming
        timeout=60.0,  # Request timeout in seconds
        max_retries=3  # Maximum retry attempts
    )
    ```

    **Extended Thinking (Claude Sonnet 4 and Beyond):**

    CrewAI supports Anthropic's Extended Thinking feature, which allows Claude to think through problems in a more human-like way before responding. This is particularly useful for complex reasoning, analysis, and problem-solving tasks.

    ```python Code theme={null}
    from crewai import LLM

    # Enable extended thinking with default settings
    llm = LLM(
        model="anthropic/claude-sonnet-4",
        thinking={"type": "enabled"},
        max_tokens=10000
    )

    # Configure thinking with budget control
    llm = LLM(
        model="anthropic/claude-sonnet-4",
        thinking={
            "type": "enabled",
            "budget_tokens": 5000  # Limit thinking tokens
        },
        max_tokens=10000
    )
    ```

    **Thinking Configuration Options:**

    * `type`: Set to `"enabled"` to activate extended thinking mode
    * `budget_tokens` (optional): Maximum tokens to use for thinking (helps control costs)

    **Models Supporting Extended Thinking:**

    * `claude-sonnet-4` and newer models
    * `claude-3-7-sonnet` (with extended thinking capabilities)

    **When to Use Extended Thinking:**

    * Complex reasoning and multi-step problem solving
    * Mathematical calculations and proofs
    * Code analysis and debugging
    * Strategic planning and decision making
    * Research and analytical tasks

    **Note:** Extended thinking consumes additional tokens but can significantly improve response quality for complex tasks.

    **Supported Environment Variables:**

    * `ANTHROPIC_API_KEY`: Your Anthropic API key (required)

    **Features:**

    * Native tool use support for Claude 3+ models
    * Extended Thinking support for Claude Sonnet 4+
    * Streaming support for real-time responses
    * Automatic system message handling
    * Stop sequences for controlled output
    * Token usage tracking
    * Multi-turn tool use conversations

    **Important Notes:**

    * `max_tokens` is a **required** parameter for all Anthropic models
    * Claude uses `stop_sequences` instead of `stop`
    * System messages are handled separately from conversation messages
    * First message must be from the user (automatically handled)
    * Messages must alternate between user and assistant

    **Supported Models:**

    | Model                      | Context Window | Best For                                   |
    | -------------------------- | -------------- | ------------------------------------------ |
    | claude-sonnet-4            | 200,000 tokens | Latest with extended thinking capabilities |
    | claude-3-7-sonnet          | 200,000 tokens | Advanced reasoning and agentic tasks       |
    | claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022 | 200,000 tokens | Latest Sonnet with best performance        |
    | claude-3-5-haiku           | 200,000 tokens | Fast, compact model for quick responses    |
    | claude-3-opus              | 200,000 tokens | Most capable for complex tasks             |
    | claude-3-sonnet            | 200,000 tokens | Balanced intelligence and speed            |
    | claude-3-haiku             | 200,000 tokens | Fastest for simple tasks                   |
    | claude-2.1                 | 200,000 tokens | Extended context, reduced hallucinations   |
    | claude-2                   | 100,000 tokens | Versatile model for various tasks          |
    | claude-instant             | 100,000 tokens | Fast, cost-effective for everyday tasks    |

    **Note:** To use Anthropic, install the required dependencies:

    ```bash  theme={null}
    uv add "crewai[anthropic]"
    ```
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Google (Gemini API)">
    CrewAI provides native integration with Google Gemini through the Google Gen AI Python SDK.

    Set your API key in your `.env` file. If you need a key, check [AI Studio](https://aistudio.google.com/apikey).

    ```toml .env theme={null}
    # Required (one of the following)
    GOOGLE_API_KEY=<your-api-key>
    GEMINI_API_KEY=<your-api-key>

    # For Vertex AI Express mode (API key authentication)
    GOOGLE_GENAI_USE_VERTEXAI=true
    GOOGLE_API_KEY=<your-api-key>

    # For Vertex AI with service account
    GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT=<your-project-id>
    GOOGLE_CLOUD_LOCATION=<location>  # Defaults to us-central1
    ```

    **Basic Usage:**

    ```python Code theme={null}
    from crewai import LLM

    llm = LLM(
        model="gemini/gemini-2.0-flash",
        api_key="your-api-key",  # Or set GOOGLE_API_KEY/GEMINI_API_KEY
        temperature=0.7
    )
    ```

    **Advanced Configuration:**

    ```python Code theme={null}
    from crewai import LLM

    llm = LLM(
        model="gemini/gemini-2.5-flash",
        api_key="your-api-key",
        temperature=0.7,
        top_p=0.9,
        top_k=40,  # Top-k sampling parameter
        max_output_tokens=8192,
        stop_sequences=["END", "STOP"],
        stream=True,  # Enable streaming
        safety_settings={
            "HARM_CATEGORY_HARASSMENT": "BLOCK_NONE",
            "HARM_CATEGORY_HATE_SPEECH": "BLOCK_NONE"
        }
    )
    ```

    **Vertex AI Express Mode (API Key Authentication):**

    Vertex AI Express mode allows you to use Vertex AI with simple API key authentication instead of service account credentials. This is the quickest way to get started with Vertex AI.

    To enable Express mode, set both environment variables in your `.env` file:

    ```toml .env theme={null}
    GOOGLE_GENAI_USE_VERTEXAI=true
    GOOGLE_API_KEY=<your-api-key>
    ```

    Then use the LLM as usual:

    ```python Code theme={null}
    from crewai import LLM

    llm = LLM(
        model="gemini/gemini-2.0-flash",
        temperature=0.7
    )
    ```

    <Info>
      To get an Express mode API key:

      * New Google Cloud users: Get an [express mode API key](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/generative-ai/docs/start/quickstart?usertype=apikey)
      * Existing Google Cloud users: Get a [Google Cloud API key bound to a service account](https://cloud.google.com/docs/authentication/api-keys)

      For more details, see the [Vertex AI Express mode documentation](https://docs.cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/generative-ai/docs/start/quickstart?usertype=apikey).
    </Info>

    **Vertex AI Configuration (Service Account):**

    ```python Code theme={null}
    from crewai import LLM

    llm = LLM(
        model="gemini/gemini-1.5-pro",
        project="your-gcp-project-id",
        location="us-central1"  # GCP region
    )
    ```

    **Supported Environment Variables:**

    * `GOOGLE_API_KEY` or `GEMINI_API_KEY`: Your Google API key (required for Gemini API and Vertex AI Express mode)
    * `GOOGLE_GENAI_USE_VERTEXAI`: Set to `true` to use Vertex AI (required for Express mode)
    * `GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT`: Google Cloud project ID (for Vertex AI with service account)
    * `GOOGLE_CLOUD_LOCATION`: GCP location (defaults to `us-central1`)

    **Features:**

    * Native function calling support for Gemini 1.5+ and 2.x models
    * Streaming support for real-time responses
    * Multimodal capabilities (text, images, video)
    * Safety settings configuration
    * Support for both Gemini API and Vertex AI
    * Automatic system instruction handling
    * Token usage tracking

    **Gemini Models:**

    Google offers a range of powerful models optimized for different use cases.

    | Model                     | Context Window | Best For                                                  |
    | ------------------------- | -------------- | --------------------------------------------------------- |
    | gemini-2.5-flash          | 1M tokens      | Adaptive thinking, cost efficiency                        |
    | gemini-2.5-pro            | 1M tokens      | Enhanced thinking and reasoning, multimodal understanding |
    | gemini-2.0-flash          | 1M tokens      | Next generation features, speed, thinking                 |
    | gemini-2.0-flash-thinking | 32,768 tokens  | Advanced reasoning with thinking process                  |
    | gemini-2.0-flash-lite     | 1M tokens      | Cost efficiency and low latency                           |
    | gemini-1.5-pro            | 2M tokens      | Best performing, logical reasoning, coding                |
    | gemini-1.5-flash          | 1M tokens      | Balanced multimodal model, good for most tasks            |
    | gemini-1.5-flash-8b       | 1M tokens      | Fastest, most cost-efficient                              |
    | gemini-1.0-pro            | 32,768 tokens  | Earlier generation model                                  |

    **Gemma Models:**

    The Gemini API also supports [Gemma models](https://ai.google.dev/gemma/docs) hosted on Google infrastructure.

    | Model       | Context Window | Best For                            |
    | ----------- | -------------- | ----------------------------------- |
    | gemma-3-1b  | 32,000 tokens  | Ultra-lightweight tasks             |
    | gemma-3-4b  | 128,000 tokens | Efficient general-purpose tasks     |
    | gemma-3-12b | 128,000 tokens | Balanced performance and efficiency |
    | gemma-3-27b | 128,000 tokens | High-performance tasks              |

    **Note:** To use Google Gemini, install the required dependencies:

    ```bash  theme={null}
    uv add "crewai[google-genai]"
    ```

    The full list of models is available in the [Gemini model docs](https://ai.google.dev/gemini-api/docs/models).
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Google (Vertex AI)">
    Get credentials from your Google Cloud Console and save it to a JSON file, then load it with the following code:

    ```python Code theme={null}
    import json

    file_path = 'path/to/vertex_ai_service_account.json'

    # Load the JSON file
    with open(file_path, 'r') as file:
        vertex_credentials = json.load(file)

    # Convert the credentials to a JSON string
    vertex_credentials_json = json.dumps(vertex_credentials)
    ```

    Example usage in your CrewAI project:

    ```python Code theme={null}
    from crewai import LLM

    llm = LLM(
        model="gemini-1.5-pro-latest", # or vertex_ai/gemini-1.5-pro-latest
        temperature=0.7,
        vertex_credentials=vertex_credentials_json
    )
    ```

    Google offers a range of powerful models optimized for different use cases:

    | Model                          | Context Window | Best For                                                                                                         |
    | ------------------------------ | -------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
    | gemini-2.5-flash-preview-04-17 | 1M tokens      | Adaptive thinking, cost efficiency                                                                               |
    | gemini-2.5-pro-preview-05-06   | 1M tokens      | Enhanced thinking and reasoning, multimodal understanding, advanced coding, and more                             |
    | gemini-2.0-flash               | 1M tokens      | Next generation features, speed, thinking, and realtime streaming                                                |
    | gemini-2.0-flash-lite          | 1M tokens      | Cost efficiency and low latency                                                                                  |
    | gemini-1.5-flash               | 1M tokens      | Balanced multimodal model, good for most tasks                                                                   |
    | gemini-1.5-flash-8B            | 1M tokens      | Fastest, most cost-efficient, good for high-frequency tasks                                                      |
    | gemini-1.5-pro                 | 2M tokens      | Best performing, wide variety of reasoning tasks including logical reasoning, coding, and creative collaboration |
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Azure">
    CrewAI provides native integration with Azure AI Inference and Azure OpenAI through the Azure AI Inference Python SDK.

    ```toml Code theme={null}
    # Required
    AZURE_API_KEY=<your-api-key>
    AZURE_ENDPOINT=<your-endpoint-url>

    # Optional
    AZURE_API_VERSION=<api-version>  # Defaults to 2024-06-01
    ```

    **Endpoint URL Formats:**

    For Azure OpenAI deployments:

    ```
    https://<resource-name>.openai.azure.com/openai/deployments/<deployment-name>
    ```

    For Azure AI Inference endpoints:

    ```
    https://<resource-name>.inference.azure.com
    ```

    **Basic Usage:**

    ```python Code theme={null}
    llm = LLM(
        model="azure/gpt-4",
        api_key="<your-api-key>",  # Or set AZURE_API_KEY
        endpoint="<your-endpoint-url>",
        api_version="2024-06-01"
    )
    ```

    **Advanced Configuration:**

    ```python Code theme={null}
    llm = LLM(
        model="azure/gpt-4o",
        temperature=0.7,
        max_tokens=4000,
        top_p=0.9,
        frequency_penalty=0.0,
        presence_penalty=0.0,
        stop=["END"],
        stream=True,
        timeout=60.0,
        max_retries=3
    )
    ```

    **Supported Environment Variables:**

    * `AZURE_API_KEY`: Your Azure API key (required)
    * `AZURE_ENDPOINT`: Your Azure endpoint URL (required, also checks `AZURE_OPENAI_ENDPOINT` and `AZURE_API_BASE`)
    * `AZURE_API_VERSION`: API version (optional, defaults to `2024-06-01`)

    **Features:**

    * Native function calling support for Azure OpenAI models (gpt-4, gpt-4o, gpt-3.5-turbo, etc.)
    * Streaming support for real-time responses
    * Automatic endpoint URL validation and correction
    * Comprehensive error handling with retry logic
    * Token usage tracking

    **Note:** To use Azure AI Inference, install the required dependencies:

    ```bash  theme={null}
    uv add "crewai[azure-ai-inference]"
    ```
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="AWS Bedrock">
    CrewAI provides native integration with AWS Bedrock through the boto3 SDK using the Converse API.

    ```toml Code theme={null}
    # Required
    AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=<your-access-key>
    AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=<your-secret-key>

    # Optional
    AWS_SESSION_TOKEN=<your-session-token>  # For temporary credentials
    AWS_DEFAULT_REGION=<your-region>  # Defaults to us-east-1
    ```

    **Basic Usage:**

    ```python Code theme={null}
    from crewai import LLM

    llm = LLM(
        model="bedrock/anthropic.claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022-v2:0",
        region_name="us-east-1"
    )
    ```

    **Advanced Configuration:**

    ```python Code theme={null}
    from crewai import LLM

    llm = LLM(
        model="bedrock/anthropic.claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022-v2:0",
        aws_access_key_id="your-access-key",  # Or set AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
        aws_secret_access_key="your-secret-key",  # Or set AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
        aws_session_token="your-session-token",  # For temporary credentials
        region_name="us-east-1",
        temperature=0.7,
        max_tokens=4096,
        top_p=0.9,
        top_k=250,  # For Claude models
        stop_sequences=["END", "STOP"],
        stream=True,  # Enable streaming
        guardrail_config={  # Optional content filtering
            "guardrailIdentifier": "your-guardrail-id",
            "guardrailVersion": "1"
        },
        additional_model_request_fields={  # Model-specific parameters
            "top_k": 250
        }
    )
    ```

    **Supported Environment Variables:**

    * `AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID`: AWS access key (required)
    * `AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY`: AWS secret key (required)
    * `AWS_SESSION_TOKEN`: AWS session token for temporary credentials (optional)
    * `AWS_DEFAULT_REGION`: AWS region (defaults to `us-east-1`)

    **Features:**

    * Native tool calling support via Converse API
    * Streaming and non-streaming responses
    * Comprehensive error handling with retry logic
    * Guardrail configuration for content filtering
    * Model-specific parameters via `additional_model_request_fields`
    * Token usage tracking and stop reason logging
    * Support for all Bedrock foundation models
    * Automatic conversation format handling

    **Important Notes:**

    * Uses the modern Converse API for unified model access
    * Automatic handling of model-specific conversation requirements
    * System messages are handled separately from conversation
    * First message must be from user (automatically handled)
    * Some models (like Cohere) require conversation to end with user message

    [Amazon Bedrock](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/bedrock/latest/userguide/models-regions.html) is a managed service that provides access to multiple foundation models from top AI companies through a unified API.

    | Model                   | Context Window     | Best For                                                                                                                              |
    | ----------------------- | ------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
    | Amazon Nova Pro         | Up to 300k tokens  | High-performance, model balancing accuracy, speed, and cost-effectiveness across diverse tasks.                                       |
    | Amazon Nova Micro       | Up to 128k tokens  | High-performance, cost-effective text-only model optimized for lowest latency responses.                                              |
    | Amazon Nova Lite        | Up to 300k tokens  | High-performance, affordable multimodal processing for images, video, and text with real-time capabilities.                           |
    | Claude 3.7 Sonnet       | Up to 128k tokens  | High-performance, best for complex reasoning, coding & AI agents                                                                      |
    | Claude 3.5 Sonnet v2    | Up to 200k tokens  | State-of-the-art model specialized in software engineering, agentic capabilities, and computer interaction at optimized cost.         |
    | Claude 3.5 Sonnet       | Up to 200k tokens  | High-performance model delivering superior intelligence and reasoning across diverse tasks with optimal speed-cost balance.           |
    | Claude 3.5 Haiku        | Up to 200k tokens  | Fast, compact multimodal model optimized for quick responses and seamless human-like interactions                                     |
    | Claude 3 Sonnet         | Up to 200k tokens  | Multimodal model balancing intelligence and speed for high-volume deployments.                                                        |
    | Claude 3 Haiku          | Up to 200k tokens  | Compact, high-speed multimodal model optimized for quick responses and natural conversational interactions                            |
    | Claude 3 Opus           | Up to 200k tokens  | Most advanced multimodal model exceling at complex tasks with human-like reasoning and superior contextual understanding.             |
    | Claude 2.1              | Up to 200k tokens  | Enhanced version with expanded context window, improved reliability, and reduced hallucinations for long-form and RAG applications    |
    | Claude                  | Up to 100k tokens  | Versatile model excelling in sophisticated dialogue, creative content, and precise instruction following.                             |
    | Claude Instant          | Up to 100k tokens  | Fast, cost-effective model for everyday tasks like dialogue, analysis, summarization, and document Q\&A                               |
    | Llama 3.1 405B Instruct | Up to 128k tokens  | Advanced LLM for synthetic data generation, distillation, and inference for chatbots, coding, and domain-specific tasks.              |
    | Llama 3.1 70B Instruct  | Up to 128k tokens  | Powers complex conversations with superior contextual understanding, reasoning and text generation.                                   |
    | Llama 3.1 8B Instruct   | Up to 128k tokens  | Advanced state-of-the-art model with language understanding, superior reasoning, and text generation.                                 |
    | Llama 3 70B Instruct    | Up to 8k tokens    | Powers complex conversations with superior contextual understanding, reasoning and text generation.                                   |
    | Llama 3 8B Instruct     | Up to 8k tokens    | Advanced state-of-the-art LLM with language understanding, superior reasoning, and text generation.                                   |
    | Titan Text G1 - Lite    | Up to 4k tokens    | Lightweight, cost-effective model optimized for English tasks and fine-tuning with focus on summarization and content generation.     |
    | Titan Text G1 - Express | Up to 8k tokens    | Versatile model for general language tasks, chat, and RAG applications with support for English and 100+ languages.                   |
    | Cohere Command          | Up to 4k tokens    | Model specialized in following user commands and delivering practical enterprise solutions.                                           |
    | Jurassic-2 Mid          | Up to 8,191 tokens | Cost-effective model balancing quality and affordability for diverse language tasks like Q\&A, summarization, and content generation. |
    | Jurassic-2 Ultra        | Up to 8,191 tokens | Model for advanced text generation and comprehension, excelling in complex tasks like analysis and content creation.                  |
    | Jamba-Instruct          | Up to 256k tokens  | Model with extended context window optimized for cost-effective text generation, summarization, and Q\&A.                             |
    | Mistral 7B Instruct     | Up to 32k tokens   | This LLM follows instructions, completes requests, and generates creative text.                                                       |
    | Mistral 8x7B Instruct   | Up to 32k tokens   | An MOE LLM that follows instructions, completes requests, and generates creative text.                                                |
    | DeepSeek R1             | 32,768 tokens      | Advanced reasoning model                                                                                                              |

    **Note:** To use AWS Bedrock, install the required dependencies:

    ```bash  theme={null}
    uv add "crewai[bedrock]"
    ```
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Amazon SageMaker">
    ```toml Code theme={null}
    AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=<your-access-key>
    AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=<your-secret-key>
    AWS_DEFAULT_REGION=<your-region>
    ```

    Example usage in your CrewAI project:

    ```python Code theme={null}
    llm = LLM(
        model="sagemaker/<my-endpoint>"
    )
    ```
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Mistral">
    Set the following environment variables in your `.env` file:

    ```toml Code theme={null}
    MISTRAL_API_KEY=<your-api-key>
    ```

    Example usage in your CrewAI project:

    ```python Code theme={null}
    llm = LLM(
        model="mistral/mistral-large-latest",
        temperature=0.7
    )
    ```
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Nvidia NIM">
    Set the following environment variables in your `.env` file:

    ```toml Code theme={null}
    NVIDIA_API_KEY=<your-api-key>
    ```

    Example usage in your CrewAI project:

    ```python Code theme={null}
    llm = LLM(
        model="nvidia_nim/meta/llama3-70b-instruct",
        temperature=0.7
    )
    ```

    Nvidia NIM provides a comprehensive suite of models for various use cases, from general-purpose tasks to specialized applications.

    | Model                                       | Context Window | Best For                                                                                                                    |
    | ------------------------------------------- | -------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
    | nvidia/mistral-nemo-minitron-8b-8k-instruct | 8,192 tokens   | State-of-the-art small language model delivering superior accuracy for chatbot, virtual assistants, and content generation. |
    | nvidia/nemotron-4-mini-hindi-4b-instruct    | 4,096 tokens   | A bilingual Hindi-English SLM for on-device inference, tailored specifically for Hindi Language.                            |
    | nvidia/llama-3.1-nemotron-70b-instruct      | 128k tokens    | Customized for enhanced helpfulness in responses                                                                            |
    | nvidia/llama3-chatqa-1.5-8b                 | 128k tokens    | Advanced LLM to generate high-quality, context-aware responses for chatbots and search engines.                             |
    | nvidia/llama3-chatqa-1.5-70b                | 128k tokens    | Advanced LLM to generate high-quality, context-aware responses for chatbots and search engines.                             |
    | nvidia/vila                                 | 128k tokens    | Multi-modal vision-language model that understands text/img/video and creates informative responses                         |
    | nvidia/neva-22                              | 4,096 tokens   | Multi-modal vision-language model that understands text/images and generates informative responses                          |
    | nvidia/nemotron-mini-4b-instruct            | 8,192 tokens   | General-purpose tasks                                                                                                       |
    | nvidia/usdcode-llama3-70b-instruct          | 128k tokens    | State-of-the-art LLM that answers OpenUSD knowledge queries and generates USD-Python code.                                  |
    | nvidia/nemotron-4-340b-instruct             | 4,096 tokens   | Creates diverse synthetic data that mimics the characteristics of real-world data.                                          |
    | meta/codellama-70b                          | 100k tokens    | LLM capable of generating code from natural language and vice versa.                                                        |
    | meta/llama2-70b                             | 4,096 tokens   | Cutting-edge large language AI model capable of generating text and code in response to prompts.                            |
    | meta/llama3-8b-instruct                     | 8,192 tokens   | Advanced state-of-the-art LLM with language understanding, superior reasoning, and text generation.                         |
    | meta/llama3-70b-instruct                    | 8,192 tokens   | Powers complex conversations with superior contextual understanding, reasoning and text generation.                         |
    | meta/llama-3.1-8b-instruct                  | 128k tokens    | Advanced state-of-the-art model with language understanding, superior reasoning, and text generation.                       |
    | meta/llama-3.1-70b-instruct                 | 128k tokens    | Powers complex conversations with superior contextual understanding, reasoning and text generation.                         |
    | meta/llama-3.1-405b-instruct                | 128k tokens    | Advanced LLM for synthetic data generation, distillation, and inference for chatbots, coding, and domain-specific tasks.    |
    | meta/llama-3.2-1b-instruct                  | 128k tokens    | Advanced state-of-the-art small language model with language understanding, superior reasoning, and text generation.        |
    | meta/llama-3.2-3b-instruct                  | 128k tokens    | Advanced state-of-the-art small language model with language understanding, superior reasoning, and text generation.        |
    | meta/llama-3.2-11b-vision-instruct          | 128k tokens    | Advanced state-of-the-art small language model with language understanding, superior reasoning, and text generation.        |
    | meta/llama-3.2-90b-vision-instruct          | 128k tokens    | Advanced state-of-the-art small language model with language understanding, superior reasoning, and text generation.        |
    | google/gemma-7b                             | 8,192 tokens   | Cutting-edge text generation model text understanding, transformation, and code generation.                                 |
    | google/gemma-2b                             | 8,192 tokens   | Cutting-edge text generation model text understanding, transformation, and code generation.                                 |
    | google/codegemma-7b                         | 8,192 tokens   | Cutting-edge model built on Google's Gemma-7B specialized for code generation and code completion.                          |
    | google/codegemma-1.1-7b                     | 8,192 tokens   | Advanced programming model for code generation, completion, reasoning, and instruction following.                           |
    | google/recurrentgemma-2b                    | 8,192 tokens   | Novel recurrent architecture based language model for faster inference when generating long sequences.                      |
    | google/gemma-2-9b-it                        | 8,192 tokens   | Cutting-edge text generation model text understanding, transformation, and code generation.                                 |
    | google/gemma-2-27b-it                       | 8,192 tokens   | Cutting-edge text generation model text understanding, transformation, and code generation.                                 |
    | google/gemma-2-2b-it                        | 8,192 tokens   | Cutting-edge text generation model text understanding, transformation, and code generation.                                 |
    | google/deplot                               | 512 tokens     | One-shot visual language understanding model that translates images of plots into tables.                                   |
    | google/paligemma                            | 8,192 tokens   | Vision language model adept at comprehending text and visual inputs to produce informative responses.                       |
    | mistralai/mistral-7b-instruct-v0.2          | 32k tokens     | This LLM follows instructions, completes requests, and generates creative text.                                             |
    | mistralai/mixtral-8x7b-instruct-v0.1        | 8,192 tokens   | An MOE LLM that follows instructions, completes requests, and generates creative text.                                      |
    | mistralai/mistral-large                     | 4,096 tokens   | Creates diverse synthetic data that mimics the characteristics of real-world data.                                          |
    | mistralai/mixtral-8x22b-instruct-v0.1       | 8,192 tokens   | Creates diverse synthetic data that mimics the characteristics of real-world data.                                          |
    | mistralai/mistral-7b-instruct-v0.3          | 32k tokens     | This LLM follows instructions, completes requests, and generates creative text.                                             |
    | nv-mistralai/mistral-nemo-12b-instruct      | 128k tokens    | Most advanced language model for reasoning, code, multilingual tasks; runs on a single GPU.                                 |
    | mistralai/mamba-codestral-7b-v0.1           | 256k tokens    | Model for writing and interacting with code across a wide range of programming languages and tasks.                         |
    | microsoft/phi-3-mini-128k-instruct          | 128K tokens    | Lightweight, state-of-the-art open LLM with strong math and logical reasoning skills.                                       |
    | microsoft/phi-3-mini-4k-instruct            | 4,096 tokens   | Lightweight, state-of-the-art open LLM with strong math and logical reasoning skills.                                       |
    | microsoft/phi-3-small-8k-instruct           | 8,192 tokens   | Lightweight, state-of-the-art open LLM with strong math and logical reasoning skills.                                       |
    | microsoft/phi-3-small-128k-instruct         | 128K tokens    | Lightweight, state-of-the-art open LLM with strong math and logical reasoning skills.                                       |
    | microsoft/phi-3-medium-4k-instruct          | 4,096 tokens   | Lightweight, state-of-the-art open LLM with strong math and logical reasoning skills.                                       |
    | microsoft/phi-3-medium-128k-instruct        | 128K tokens    | Lightweight, state-of-the-art open LLM with strong math and logical reasoning skills.                                       |
    | microsoft/phi-3.5-mini-instruct             | 128K tokens    | Lightweight multilingual LLM powering AI applications in latency bound, memory/compute constrained environments             |
    | microsoft/phi-3.5-moe-instruct              | 128K tokens    | Advanced LLM based on Mixture of Experts architecture to deliver compute efficient content generation                       |
    | microsoft/kosmos-2                          | 1,024 tokens   | Groundbreaking multimodal model designed to understand and reason about visual elements in images.                          |
    | microsoft/phi-3-vision-128k-instruct        | 128k tokens    | Cutting-edge open multimodal model exceling in high-quality reasoning from images.                                          |
    | microsoft/phi-3.5-vision-instruct           | 128k tokens    | Cutting-edge open multimodal model exceling in high-quality reasoning from images.                                          |
    | databricks/dbrx-instruct                    | 12k tokens     | A general-purpose LLM with state-of-the-art performance in language understanding, coding, and RAG.                         |
    | snowflake/arctic                            | 1,024 tokens   | Delivers high efficiency inference for enterprise applications focused on SQL generation and coding.                        |
    | aisingapore/sea-lion-7b-instruct            | 4,096 tokens   | LLM to represent and serve the linguistic and cultural diversity of Southeast Asia                                          |
    | ibm/granite-8b-code-instruct                | 4,096 tokens   | Software programming LLM for code generation, completion, explanation, and multi-turn conversion.                           |
    | ibm/granite-34b-code-instruct               | 8,192 tokens   | Software programming LLM for code generation, completion, explanation, and multi-turn conversion.                           |
    | ibm/granite-3.0-8b-instruct                 | 4,096 tokens   | Advanced Small Language Model supporting RAG, summarization, classification, code, and agentic AI                           |
    | ibm/granite-3.0-3b-a800m-instruct           | 4,096 tokens   | Highly efficient Mixture of Experts model for RAG, summarization, entity extraction, and classification                     |
    | mediatek/breeze-7b-instruct                 | 4,096 tokens   | Creates diverse synthetic data that mimics the characteristics of real-world data.                                          |
    | upstage/solar-10.7b-instruct                | 4,096 tokens   | Excels in NLP tasks, particularly in instruction-following, reasoning, and mathematics.                                     |
    | writer/palmyra-med-70b-32k                  | 32k tokens     | Leading LLM for accurate, contextually relevant responses in the medical domain.                                            |
    | writer/palmyra-med-70b                      | 32k tokens     | Leading LLM for accurate, contextually relevant responses in the medical domain.                                            |
    | writer/palmyra-fin-70b-32k                  | 32k tokens     | Specialized LLM for financial analysis, reporting, and data processing                                                      |
    | 01-ai/yi-large                              | 32k tokens     | Powerful model trained on English and Chinese for diverse tasks including chatbot and creative writing.                     |
    | deepseek-ai/deepseek-coder-6.7b-instruct    | 2k tokens      | Powerful coding model offering advanced capabilities in code generation, completion, and infilling                          |
    | rakuten/rakutenai-7b-instruct               | 1,024 tokens   | Advanced state-of-the-art LLM with language understanding, superior reasoning, and text generation.                         |
    | rakuten/rakutenai-7b-chat                   | 1,024 tokens   | Advanced state-of-the-art LLM with language understanding, superior reasoning, and text generation.                         |
    | baichuan-inc/baichuan2-13b-chat             | 4,096 tokens   | Support Chinese and English chat, coding, math, instruction following, solving quizzes                                      |
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Local NVIDIA NIM Deployed using WSL2">
    NVIDIA NIM enables you to run powerful LLMs locally on your Windows machine using WSL2 (Windows Subsystem for Linux).
    This approach allows you to leverage your NVIDIA GPU for private, secure, and cost-effective AI inference without relying on cloud services.
    Perfect for development, testing, or production scenarios where data privacy or offline capabilities are required.

    Here is a step-by-step guide to setting up a local NVIDIA NIM model:

    1. Follow installation instructions from [NVIDIA Website](https://docs.nvidia.com/nim/wsl2/latest/getting-started.html)

    2. Install the local model. For Llama 3.1-8b follow [instructions](https://build.nvidia.com/meta/llama-3_1-8b-instruct/deploy)

    3. Configure your crewai local models:

    ```python Code theme={null}
    from crewai.llm import LLM

    local_nvidia_nim_llm = LLM(
        model="openai/meta/llama-3.1-8b-instruct", # it's an openai-api compatible model
        base_url="http://localhost:8000/v1",
        api_key="<your_api_key|any text if you have not configured it>", # api_key is required, but you can use any text
    )

    # Then you can use it in your crew:

    @CrewBase
    class MyCrew():
        # ...

        @agent
        def researcher(self) -> Agent:
            return Agent(
                config=self.agents_config['researcher'], # type: ignore[index]
                llm=local_nvidia_nim_llm
            )

        # ...
    ```
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Groq">
    Set the following environment variables in your `.env` file:

    ```toml Code theme={null}
    GROQ_API_KEY=<your-api-key>
    ```

    Example usage in your CrewAI project:

    ```python Code theme={null}
    llm = LLM(
        model="groq/llama-3.2-90b-text-preview",
        temperature=0.7
    )
    ```

    | Model            | Context Window | Best For                              |
    | ---------------- | -------------- | ------------------------------------- |
    | Llama 3.1 70B/8B | 131,072 tokens | High-performance, large context tasks |
    | Llama 3.2 Series | 8,192 tokens   | General-purpose tasks                 |
    | Mixtral 8x7B     | 32,768 tokens  | Balanced performance and context      |
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="IBM watsonx.ai">
    Set the following environment variables in your `.env` file:

    ```toml Code theme={null}
    # Required
    WATSONX_URL=<your-url>
    WATSONX_APIKEY=<your-apikey>
    WATSONX_PROJECT_ID=<your-project-id>

    # Optional
    WATSONX_TOKEN=<your-token>
    WATSONX_DEPLOYMENT_SPACE_ID=<your-space-id>
    ```

    Example usage in your CrewAI project:

    ```python Code theme={null}
    llm = LLM(
        model="watsonx/meta-llama/llama-3-1-70b-instruct",
        base_url="https://api.watsonx.ai/v1"
    )
    ```
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Ollama (Local LLMs)">
    1. Install Ollama: [ollama.ai](https://ollama.ai/)
    2. Run a model: `ollama run llama3`
    3. Configure:

    ```python Code theme={null}
    llm = LLM(
        model="ollama/llama3:70b",
        base_url="http://localhost:11434"
    )
    ```
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Fireworks AI">
    Set the following environment variables in your `.env` file:

    ```toml Code theme={null}
    FIREWORKS_API_KEY=<your-api-key>
    ```

    Example usage in your CrewAI project:

    ```python Code theme={null}
    llm = LLM(
        model="fireworks_ai/accounts/fireworks/models/llama-v3-70b-instruct",
        temperature=0.7
    )
    ```
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Perplexity AI">
    Set the following environment variables in your `.env` file:

    ```toml Code theme={null}
    PERPLEXITY_API_KEY=<your-api-key>
    ```

    Example usage in your CrewAI project:

    ```python Code theme={null}
    llm = LLM(
        model="llama-3.1-sonar-large-128k-online",
        base_url="https://api.perplexity.ai/"
    )
    ```
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Hugging Face">
    Set the following environment variables in your `.env` file:

    ```toml Code theme={null}
    HF_TOKEN=<your-api-key>
    ```

    Example usage in your CrewAI project:

    ```python Code theme={null}
    llm = LLM(
        model="huggingface/meta-llama/Meta-Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct"
    )
    ```
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="SambaNova">
    Set the following environment variables in your `.env` file:

    ```toml Code theme={null}
    SAMBANOVA_API_KEY=<your-api-key>
    ```

    Example usage in your CrewAI project:

    ```python Code theme={null}
    llm = LLM(
        model="sambanova/Meta-Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct",
        temperature=0.7
    )
    ```

    | Model            | Context Window       | Best For                              |
    | ---------------- | -------------------- | ------------------------------------- |
    | Llama 3.1 70B/8B | Up to 131,072 tokens | High-performance, large context tasks |
    | Llama 3.1 405B   | 8,192 tokens         | High-performance and output quality   |
    | Llama 3.2 Series | 8,192 tokens         | General-purpose, multimodal tasks     |
    | Llama 3.3 70B    | Up to 131,072 tokens | High-performance and output quality   |
    | Qwen2 familly    | 8,192 tokens         | High-performance and output quality   |
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Cerebras">
    Set the following environment variables in your `.env` file:

    ```toml Code theme={null}
    # Required
    CEREBRAS_API_KEY=<your-api-key>
    ```

    Example usage in your CrewAI project:

    ```python Code theme={null}
    llm = LLM(
        model="cerebras/llama3.1-70b",
        temperature=0.7,
        max_tokens=8192
    )
    ```

    <Info>
      Cerebras features:

      * Fast inference speeds
      * Competitive pricing
      * Good balance of speed and quality
      * Support for long context windows
    </Info>
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Open Router">
    Set the following environment variables in your `.env` file:

    ```toml Code theme={null}
    OPENROUTER_API_KEY=<your-api-key>
    ```

    Example usage in your CrewAI project:

    ```python Code theme={null}
    llm = LLM(
        model="openrouter/deepseek/deepseek-r1",
        base_url="https://openrouter.ai/api/v1",
        api_key=OPENROUTER_API_KEY
    )
    ```

    <Info>
      Open Router models:

      * openrouter/deepseek/deepseek-r1
      * openrouter/deepseek/deepseek-chat
    </Info>
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Nebius AI Studio">
    Set the following environment variables in your `.env` file:

    ```toml Code theme={null}
    NEBIUS_API_KEY=<your-api-key>
    ```

    Example usage in your CrewAI project:

    ```python Code theme={null}
    llm = LLM(
        model="nebius/Qwen/Qwen3-30B-A3B"
    )
    ```

    <Info>
      Nebius AI Studio features:

      * Large collection of open source models
      * Higher rate limits
      * Competitive pricing
      * Good balance of speed and quality
    </Info>
  </Accordion>
</AccordionGroup>

## Streaming Responses

CrewAI supports streaming responses from LLMs, allowing your application to receive and process outputs in real-time as they're generated.

<Tabs>
  <Tab title="Basic Setup">
    Enable streaming by setting the `stream` parameter to `True` when initializing your LLM:

    ```python  theme={null}
    from crewai import LLM

    # Create an LLM with streaming enabled
    llm = LLM(
        model="openai/gpt-4o",
        stream=True  # Enable streaming
    )
    ```

    When streaming is enabled, responses are delivered in chunks as they're generated, creating a more responsive user experience.
  </Tab>

  <Tab title="Event Handling">
    CrewAI emits events for each chunk received during streaming:

    ```python  theme={null}
    from crewai.events import (
      LLMStreamChunkEvent
    )
    from crewai.events import BaseEventListener

    class MyCustomListener(BaseEventListener):
        def setup_listeners(self, crewai_event_bus):
            @crewai_event_bus.on(LLMStreamChunkEvent)
            def on_llm_stream_chunk(self, event: LLMStreamChunkEvent):
              # Process each chunk as it arrives
              print(f"Received chunk: {event.chunk}")

    my_listener = MyCustomListener()
    ```

    <Tip>
      [Click here](/en/concepts/event-listener#event-listeners) for more details
    </Tip>
  </Tab>

  <Tab title="Agent & Task Tracking">
    All LLM events in CrewAI include agent and task information, allowing you to track and filter LLM interactions by specific agents or tasks:

    ```python  theme={null}
    from crewai import LLM, Agent, Task, Crew
    from crewai.events import LLMStreamChunkEvent
    from crewai.events import BaseEventListener

    class MyCustomListener(BaseEventListener):
        def setup_listeners(self, crewai_event_bus):
            @crewai_event_bus.on(LLMStreamChunkEvent)
            def on_llm_stream_chunk(source, event):
                if researcher.id == event.agent_id:
                    print("\n==============\n Got event:", event, "\n==============\n")


    my_listener = MyCustomListener()

    llm = LLM(model="gpt-4o-mini", temperature=0, stream=True)

    researcher = Agent(
        role="About User",
        goal="You know everything about the user.",
        backstory="""You are a master at understanding people and their preferences.""",
        llm=llm,
    )

    search = Task(
        description="Answer the following questions about the user: {question}",
        expected_output="An answer to the question.",
        agent=researcher,
    )

    crew = Crew(agents=[researcher], tasks=[search])

    result = crew.kickoff(
        inputs={"question": "..."}
    )
    ```

    <Info>
      This feature is particularly useful for:

      * Debugging specific agent behaviors
      * Logging LLM usage by task type
      * Auditing which agents are making what types of LLM calls
      * Performance monitoring of specific tasks
    </Info>
  </Tab>
</Tabs>

## Async LLM Calls

CrewAI supports asynchronous LLM calls for improved performance and concurrency in your AI workflows. Async calls allow you to run multiple LLM requests concurrently without blocking, making them ideal for high-throughput applications and parallel agent operations.

<Tabs>
  <Tab title="Basic Usage">
    Use the `acall` method for asynchronous LLM requests:

    ```python  theme={null}
    import asyncio
    from crewai import LLM

    async def main():
        llm = LLM(model="openai/gpt-4o")

        # Single async call
        response = await llm.acall("What is the capital of France?")
        print(response)

    asyncio.run(main())
    ```

    The `acall` method supports all the same parameters as the synchronous `call` method, including messages, tools, and callbacks.
  </Tab>

  <Tab title="With Streaming">
    Combine async calls with streaming for real-time concurrent responses:

    ```python  theme={null}
    import asyncio
    from crewai import LLM

    async def stream_async():
        llm = LLM(model="openai/gpt-4o", stream=True)

        response = await llm.acall("Write a short story about AI")

        print(response)

    asyncio.run(stream_async())
    ```
  </Tab>
</Tabs>

## Structured LLM Calls

CrewAI supports structured responses from LLM calls by allowing you to define a `response_format` using a Pydantic model. This enables the framework to automatically parse and validate the output, making it easier to integrate the response into your application without manual post-processing.

For example, you can define a Pydantic model to represent the expected response structure and pass it as the `response_format` when instantiating the LLM. The model will then be used to convert the LLM output into a structured Python object.

```python Code theme={null}
from crewai import LLM

class Dog(BaseModel):
    name: str
    age: int
    breed: str


llm = LLM(model="gpt-4o", response_format=Dog)

response = llm.call(
    "Analyze the following messages and return the name, age, and breed. "
    "Meet Kona! She is 3 years old and is a black german shepherd."
)
print(response)

# Output:
# Dog(name='Kona', age=3, breed='black german shepherd')
```

## Advanced Features and Optimization

Learn how to get the most out of your LLM configuration:

<AccordionGroup>
  <Accordion title="Context Window Management">
    CrewAI includes smart context management features:

    ```python  theme={null}
    from crewai import LLM

    # CrewAI automatically handles:
    # 1. Token counting and tracking
    # 2. Content summarization when needed
    # 3. Task splitting for large contexts

    llm = LLM(
        model="gpt-4",
        max_tokens=4000,  # Limit response length
    )
    ```

    <Info>
      Best practices for context management:

      1. Choose models with appropriate context windows
      2. Pre-process long inputs when possible
      3. Use chunking for large documents
      4. Monitor token usage to optimize costs
    </Info>
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Performance Optimization">
    <Steps>
      <Step title="Token Usage Optimization">
        Choose the right context window for your task:

        * Small tasks (up to 4K tokens): Standard models
        * Medium tasks (between 4K-32K): Enhanced models
        * Large tasks (over 32K): Large context models

        ```python  theme={null}
        # Configure model with appropriate settings
        llm = LLM(
            model="openai/gpt-4-turbo-preview",
            temperature=0.7,    # Adjust based on task
            max_tokens=4096,    # Set based on output needs
            timeout=300        # Longer timeout for complex tasks
        )
        ```

        <Tip>
          * Lower temperature (0.1 to 0.3) for factual responses
          * Higher temperature (0.7 to 0.9) for creative tasks
        </Tip>
      </Step>

      <Step title="Best Practices">
        1. Monitor token usage
        2. Implement rate limiting
        3. Use caching when possible
        4. Set appropriate max\_tokens limits
      </Step>
    </Steps>

    <Info>
      Remember to regularly monitor your token usage and adjust your configuration as needed to optimize costs and performance.
    </Info>
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Drop Additional Parameters">
    CrewAI internally uses native sdks for LLM calls, which allows you to drop additional parameters that are not needed for your specific use case. This can help simplify your code and reduce the complexity of your LLM configuration.
    For example, if you don't need to send the <code>stop</code> parameter, you can simply omit it from your LLM call:

    ```python  theme={null}
    from crewai import LLM
    import os

    os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"] = "<api-key>"

    o3_llm = LLM(
        model="o3",
        drop_params=True,
        additional_drop_params=["stop"]
    )
    ```
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Transport Interceptors">
    CrewAI provides message interceptors for several providers, allowing you to hook into request/response cycles at the transport layer.

    **Supported Providers:**

    * ✅ OpenAI
    * ✅ Anthropic

    **Basic Usage:**

    ```python  theme={null}
    import httpx
    from crewai import LLM
    from crewai.llms.hooks import BaseInterceptor

    class CustomInterceptor(BaseInterceptor[httpx.Request, httpx.Response]):
    """Custom interceptor to modify requests and responses."""

    def on_outbound(self, request: httpx.Request) -> httpx.Request:
        """Print request before sending to the LLM provider."""
        print(request)
        return request

    def on_inbound(self, response: httpx.Response) -> httpx.Response:
        """Process response after receiving from the LLM provider."""
        print(f"Status: {response.status_code}")
        print(f"Response time: {response.elapsed}")
        return response

    # Use the interceptor with an LLM
    llm = LLM(
    model="openai/gpt-4o",
    interceptor=CustomInterceptor()
    )
    ```

    **Important Notes:**

    * Both methods must return the received object or type of object.
    * Modifying received objects may result in unexpected behavior or application crashes.
    * Not all providers support interceptors - check the supported providers list above

    <Info>
      Interceptors operate at the transport layer. This is particularly useful for:

      * Message transformation and filtering
      * Debugging API interactions
    </Info>
  </Accordion>
</AccordionGroup>

## Common Issues and Solutions

<Tabs>
  <Tab title="Authentication">
    <Warning>
      Most authentication issues can be resolved by checking API key format and environment variable names.
    </Warning>

    ```bash  theme={null}
    # OpenAI
    OPENAI_API_KEY=sk-...

    # Anthropic
    ANTHROPIC_API_KEY=sk-ant-...
    ```
  </Tab>

  <Tab title="Model Names">
    <Check>
      Always include the provider prefix in model names
    </Check>

    ```python  theme={null}
    # Correct
    llm = LLM(model="openai/gpt-4")

    # Incorrect
    llm = LLM(model="gpt-4")
    ```
  </Tab>

  <Tab title="Context Length">
    <Tip>
      Use larger context models for extensive tasks
    </Tip>

    ```python  theme={null}
    # Large context model
    llm = LLM(model="openai/gpt-4o")  # 128K tokens
    ```
  </Tab>
</Tabs>