# Source: https://docs.bito.ai/help/bitos-ai-stack/llm-parameters.md

# LLM parameters

Parameters are the individual elements of a Large Language Model that are learned from the training data. Think of them as the synapses in a human brain—tiny connections that store learned information.&#x20;

## How Parameters Work in LLMs&#x20;

Each parameter in an LLM holds a tiny piece of information about the language patterns the model has seen during training. They are the fundamental elements that determine the behavior of the model when it generates text.&#x20;

For example, imagine teaching a child what a cat is by showing them pictures of different cats. Each picture tweaks the child's understanding and definition of a cat. In LLMs, each training example tweaks the parameters to better understand and generate language.&#x20;

## The Role of Parameters in Understanding and Generating Language&#x20;

Parameters are crucial because they allow the model to perform tasks such as translation, write articles, and even generate source code. When you ask an AI a question, the parameters work together to sift through the learned patterns and generate a response that makes sense based on the training it received.&#x20;

For instance, if you ask an AI to write a poem, the parameters will determine how to structure the poem, what words to use, and how to create rhyme or rhythm, all based on the data it was trained on.&#x20;

## The Scale of LLM Parameters: Just How Large Are We Talking?&#x20;

When we say "Large" in LLM, we're not kidding. The size of a language model is directly related to the number of parameters it has.&#x20;

Take GPT-4, for example, with its 1.76 trillion parameters. That's like 1.76 trillion different dials the model can tweak to get language just right. Each parameter holds a piece of information that can contribute to understanding a sentence's structure, the meaning of a word, or even the tone of a text.&#x20;

Earlier models had significantly fewer parameters. GPT-1, for instance, had only 117 million parameters. With each new generation, the number of parameters has grown exponentially, leading to more sophisticated and nuanced language generation.&#x20;

## Training LLMs: How Parameters Learn&#x20;

Training an LLM involves a process called **"backpropagation"** where the model makes predictions, checks how far off it is, and adjusts the parameters accordingly.&#x20;

Let's say we're training an LLM to recognize the sentiment of a sentence. We show it the sentence "I love sunny days!" tagged as positive sentiment. The LLM predicts positive but isn't very confident. During backpropagation, it adjusts the parameters to increase the confidence for future similar sentences.&#x20;

This process is repeated millions of times with millions of examples, gradually fine-tuning the parameters so that the model's predictions become more accurate over time.&#x20;

## Parameter’s Impact on AI Performance and Limitations&#x20;

The number of parameters is one of the key factors influencing an AI model's performance. However, more parameters can mean a model requires more computational power and data to train effectively, which can lead to increased costs and longer training times.&#x20;

With great power comes great responsibility—and greater chances of making mistakes. More parameters can sometimes mean that the model starts seeing patterns where there aren't any, a phenomenon known as "overfitting" where the model performs well on training data but poorly on new, unseen data.&#x20;

## The Future of Parameters in LLMs&#x20;

The future of LLMs might not just be about adding more parameters, but also about making better use of them. Innovations in how parameters are structured and how they learn are ongoing.&#x20;

AI researchers are exploring ways to make LLMs more parameter-efficient, meaning they can achieve the same or better performance with fewer parameters. Techniques like "parameter sharing" and "sparse activation" are part of this cutting-edge research.&#x20;

## Conclusion&#x20;

Parameters in LLMs are the core elements that allow these models to understand and generate human-like text. While the sheer number of parameters can be overwhelming, it's their intricate training and fine-tuning that empower AI to interact with us in increasingly complex ways.&#x20;

As AI continues to evolve, the focus is shifting from simply ramping up parameters to refining how they're used, ensuring that the future of AI is not just smarter but also more efficient and accessible.&#x20;