# Source: https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-led-backpack/0-54-alphanumeric-circuitpython-and-python-usage.md

# Adafruit LED Backpacks

## CircuitPython and Python Usage

The following section will show how to control the LED backpack&nbsp;from the board's Python prompt / REPL. &nbsp;You'll walk through how to control the LED display and learn how to use the CircuitPython module built for the display.

First&nbsp;[connect to the board's serial REPL&nbsp;](https://learn.adafruit.com/welcome-to-circuitpython/the-repl)so you are at the CircuitPython&nbsp; **\>\>\>** &nbsp;prompt.

## Initialization

First you'll need to initialize the I2C bus for your board.&nbsp; It's really easy, first import the necessary modules. In this case, you'll use `board` and `Seg14x4`.

Then just use `board.I2C()` to create the I2C instance using the default SCL and SDA pins (which will be marked on the boards pins if using a Feather or similar Adafruit board).

Then to initialize the display, you just pass `i2c` in.

Warning: When using the STEMMA QT port, some board may have an alternate I2C such as board.STEMMA_I2C().

```python
import board
from adafruit_ht16k33.segments import Seg14x4

i2c = board.I2C()
display = Seg14x4(i2c)
```

If you bridged the address pads on the back of the display, you could pass in the address. The addresses for the HT16K33 can range between 0x70 and 0x77 depending on which pads you have bridged, with 0x70 being used if you haven't bridged any of them. For instance, if you bridge only the **A0** pad, you would use `0x71` like this:

```python
display = Seg14x4(i2c, address=0x71)
```

If you intend to chain multiple displays together, you will need to alter the address of subsequent boards by [bridging the address pins in various combinations](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-led-backpack/pinouts#address-jumper-pins-3127675). If you have an unsoldered board, and a board with the A0 pad solder-bridged, you would initialize the two displays as follows.

```python
display = Seg14x4(i2c, address=(0x70, 0x71))
```

To add further displays, [ensure the address is different on all of them](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-led-backpack/pinouts#address-jumper-pins-3127675), and initialize it the same way as above, but add more comma-separated addresses to the `address=()` tuple.

## Setting the Brightness

You can set the brightness of the display, but changing it will set the brightness of the entire display and not individual segments. If can be adjusted in 1/16 increments **between 0 and 1.0** with 1.0 being the brightest. So to set the display to half brightness, you would use the following:

```python
display.brightness = 0.5
```

## Setting the Blink Rate

You can set the blink rate of the display, but changing it will set the brightness of the entire display and not individual segments. If can be adjusted in 1/4 increments **between 0 and 3** with 3 being the fastest blinking. So to set the display to blink at full speed, you would use the following:

```python
display.blink_rate = 3
```

## Printing Text

To print text to the display, you just use the print function. So if you want to print ABCD, you would use the following:

```python
display.print("ABCD")
```

## Printing Numbers

Printing numbers is done similar to printing text, except without the quotes, though you can still print numbers in a string as well.

```python
display.print(1234)
```

## Printing Hexidecimal Values

To print hexidecimal values, you use the `print_hex` function:

```python
display.print_hex(0x1A2B)
```

## Setting Individual Characters

To set individual characters, you simply treat the `display` object as a list and set it to&nbsp;the value that you would like.

```python
display[0] = '1'
display[1] = '2'
display[2] = 'A'
display[3] = 'B'
```

## Setting Individual Segments

To set individual segments to turn on or off, you would use the set\_digit\_raw function to pass the digit that you want to change and the bitmask. This can be really useful for creating your own characters. The bitmask corresponds to the following diagram. The highest bit is not used, so an X represents that spot to indicate that.

![](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/088/406/medium800/led_matrices_set_pixel_raw.png?1581626233)

The bitmask is a 16-bit number that can be passed in as a single Hexidecimal, Decimal, or binary number. It can also be passed in as a list or tuple containing 2 separate 8-bit numbers. Here are some of the ways to set the digits. All of these different methods create a box with an X in the center:

```python
display.set_digit_raw(0, 0x2D3F)
display.set_digit_raw(1, 0b0010110100111111)
display.set_digit_raw(2, (0b00101101, 0b00111111))
display.set_digit_raw(3, [0x2D, 0x3F])
```

![](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/749/medium800/led_matrices_set_digit_raw_example.jpeg?1580236895)

## Filling all Segments

To fill the entire display, just use the fill() function and pass in either 0 or 1 depending on whether you want all segments off or on. For instance, if you wanted to set everything to on, you would use:

```python
display.fill(1)
```

## Scrolling Display Manually

If you want to scroll the displayed data to the left, you can use the `scroll()` function. You can pass in the number of places that you want to scroll. The right-most digit will remain unchanged and you will need to set that manually. After scrolling, you will need to call the show function. For example if you wanted to print an A and then scroll it over to spaces, you would do the following.

```python
display.print("A")
display.scroll(2)
display[3] = " "
display.show()
```

## Displaying an Automatic Scrolling Marquee

To make displaying long text easier, you can use the marquee function. You just pass it the full string. Optionally, you can pass it the amount of delay between each character:

```python
display.marquee("This is a really long string ")
```

![](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/assets/assets/000/087/748/medium800thumb/led_matrices_marquee.jpg?1580236874)

By default it is 0.25 seconds, but you can change this by providing a second parameter. You can optionally pass&nbsp;`False`&nbsp;for a third parameter if you would not like to have it loop. So if you wanted each character to display for half a second and didn't want it to loop, you would use the following:

```python
display.marquee('This is a really long string ', 0.5, False)
```

# Full Example

Click **Download Project Bundle** below to download a full example&nbsp; **code.py** and necessary libraries to run it.

https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_HT16K33/blob/main/examples/ht16k33_segments_14x4_demo.py

- [Previous Page](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-led-backpack/0-54-alphanumeric-python-wiring-and-setup.md)
- [Next Page](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-led-backpack/0-dot-56-seven-segment-backpack.md)

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In Stock
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[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/2037/guides)
### 16x8 1.2" LED Matrix + Backpack - Ultra Bright Round White LEDs

[16x8 1.2" LED Matrix + Backpack - Ultra Bright Round White LEDs](https://www.adafruit.com/product/2038)
What's better than a single LED? Lots of LEDs! And what's better than lots of LEDs?&nbsp; **TWO TIMES AS MANY LEDS!!!**

With the 16x8 LED Matrix Backpack we've doubled your project's matrix capacity by making it super easy to get two separate 8x8 matrices onto...

In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/2038)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/2038/guides)
### 16x8 1.2" LED Matrix + Backpack - Ultra Bright Round Blue LEDs

[16x8 1.2" LED Matrix + Backpack - Ultra Bright Round Blue LEDs](https://www.adafruit.com/product/2039)
What's better than a single LED? Lots of LEDs! And what's better than lots of LEDs?&nbsp; **TWO TIMES AS MANY LEDS!!!**

With the 16x8 LED Matrix Backpack we've doubled your project's matrix capacity by making it super easy to get two separate 8x8 matrices onto...

In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/2039)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/2039/guides)
### 16x8 1.2" LED Matrix + Backpack - Ultra Bright Square Blue LEDs

[16x8 1.2" LED Matrix + Backpack - Ultra Bright Square Blue LEDs](https://www.adafruit.com/product/2040)
What's better than a single LED? Lots of LEDs! And what's better than lots of LEDs?&nbsp; **TWO TIMES AS MANY LEDS!!!**

With the 16x8 LED Matrix Backpack we've doubled your project's matrix capacity by making it super easy to get two separate 8x8 matrices onto...

In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/2040)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/2040/guides)
### 16x8 1.2" LED Matrix + Backpack - Ultra Bright Square Amber LEDs

[16x8 1.2" LED Matrix + Backpack - Ultra Bright Square Amber LEDs](https://www.adafruit.com/product/2041)
What's better than a single LED? Lots of LEDs! And what's better than lots of LEDs?&nbsp; **TWO TIMES AS MANY LEDS!!!**

With the 16x8 LED Matrix Backpack we've doubled your project's matrix capacity by making it super easy to get two separate 8x8 matrices onto...

In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/2041)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/2041/guides)
### 16x8 1.2" LED Matrix + Backpack - Ultra Bright Square Green LEDs

[16x8 1.2" LED Matrix + Backpack - Ultra Bright Square Green LEDs](https://www.adafruit.com/product/2042)
What's better than a single LED? Lots of LEDs! And what's better than lots of LEDs?&nbsp; **TWO TIMES AS MANY LEDS!!!**

With the 16x8 LED Matrix Backpack we've doubled your project's matrix capacity by making it super easy to get two separate 8x8 matrices onto...

In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/2042)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/2042/guides)
### 16x8 1.2" LED Matrix + Backpack -Ultra Bright Square Yellow LEDs

[16x8 1.2" LED Matrix + Backpack -Ultra Bright Square Yellow LEDs](https://www.adafruit.com/product/2043)
What's better than a single LED? Lots of LEDs! And what's better than lots of LEDs?&nbsp; **TWO TIMES AS MANY LEDS!!!**

With the 16x8 LED Matrix Backpack we've doubled your project's matrix capacity by making it super easy to get two separate 8x8 matrices onto...

In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/2043)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/2043/guides)
### 16x8 1.2" LED Matrix + Backpack - Ultra Bright Square White LEDs

[16x8 1.2" LED Matrix + Backpack - Ultra Bright Square White LEDs](https://www.adafruit.com/product/2044)
What's better than a single LED? Lots of LEDs! And what's better than lots of LEDs?&nbsp; **TWO TIMES AS MANY LEDS!!!**

With the 16x8 LED Matrix Backpack we've doubled your project's matrix capacity by making it super easy to get two separate 8x8 matrices onto...

In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/2044)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/2044/guides)
### 16x8 1.2" LED Matrix + Backpack-Ultra Bright Round Orange LEDs

[16x8 1.2" LED Matrix + Backpack-Ultra Bright Round Orange LEDs](https://www.adafruit.com/product/2052)
What's better than a single LED? Lots of LEDs! And what's better than lots of LEDs?&nbsp; **TWO TIMES AS MANY LEDS!!!**

With the 16x8 LED Matrix Backpack we've doubled your project's matrix capacity by making it super easy to get two separate 8x8 matrices onto...

In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/2052)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/2052/guides)
### 16x8 1.2" LED Matrices+Backpack Round LEDs in Various Colors

[16x8 1.2" LED Matrices+Backpack Round LEDs in Various Colors](https://www.adafruit.com/product/2054)
What's better than a single LED? Lots of LEDs! And what's better than lots of LEDs?&nbsp; **TWO TIMES AS MANY LEDS!!!**

With the 16x8 LED Matrix Backpack we've doubled your project's matrix capacity by making it super easy to get two separate 8x8 matrices onto...

Out of Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/2054)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/2054/guides)
### Adafruit 8x16 LED Matrix FeatherWing w/o Matrices

[Adafruit 8x16 LED Matrix FeatherWing w/o Matrices](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3090)
You will chirp with delight when you see how easy it is to make your very own 8x16 LED matrix display for any Feather. At 0.8" square, the little [8x8 matrices](https://www.adafruit.com/new/?q=8x8%20miniature%20LED%20matrix&) have everything a big LED matrix has,...

Out of Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3090)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/3090/guides)
### Adafruit 14-segment LED Alphanumeric backpack (same as P1910)

[Adafruit 14-segment LED Alphanumeric backpack (same as P1910)](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3322)
Just the backpack + 4pin header

No Longer Stocked
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/3322)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/3322/guides)

## Featured Products

### Adafruit Small 1.2" 8x8 LED Matrix w/I2C Backpack - Yellow-Green

[Adafruit Small 1.2" 8x8 LED Matrix w/I2C Backpack - Yellow-Green](https://www.adafruit.com/product/1051)
What's better than a single LED? Lots of LEDs! A fun way to make a small display is to use an [8x8 matrix](https://www.adafruit.com/category/37_88) or a [4-digit 7-segment display](https://www.adafruit.com/category/37_103). Matrices like these are...

In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/1051)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/1051/guides)
### Small 1.2" 8x8 Ultra Bright Square Blue LED Matrix + Backpack

[Small 1.2" 8x8 Ultra Bright Square Blue LED Matrix + Backpack](https://www.adafruit.com/product/1853)
What's better than a single LED? Lots of LEDs! Matrices like these are 'multiplexed' - so to control 64 LEDs you need 16 pins. That's a lot of pins, and there are [driver chips like the MAX7219](//www.adafruit.com/products/453) that can control a matrix for you but...

In Stock
[Buy Now](https://www.adafruit.com/product/1853)
[Related Guides to the Product](https://learn.adafruit.com/products/1853/guides)

## Related Guides

- [LED Backpack Displays on Raspberry Pi and BeagleBone Black](https://learn.adafruit.com/led-backpack-displays-on-raspberry-pi-and-beaglebone-black.md)
- [Animating Multiple LED Backpacks](https://learn.adafruit.com/animating-multiple-led-backpacks.md)
- [Arduino GPS Clock](https://learn.adafruit.com/arduino-clock.md)
- [Raspberry Pi Physical Dashboard](https://learn.adafruit.com/raspberry-pi-physical-dashboard.md)
- [CircuitPython Hardware: LED Backpacks & FeatherWings](https://learn.adafruit.com/micropython-hardware-led-backpacks-and-featherwings.md)
- [Matrix and 7-Segment LED Backpack with the Raspberry Pi](https://learn.adafruit.com/matrix-7-segment-led-backpack-with-the-raspberry-pi.md)
- [DIY Pocket LED Gamer - Tiny Tetris!](https://learn.adafruit.com/diy-3d-printed-handheld-pocket-game-tiny-tetris-snake.md)
- [RGB LED Matrix Cube with 25,000 LEDs](https://learn.adafruit.com/rgb-led-matrix-cube-for-pi.md)
- [Creating GIFs for SmartMatrix](https://learn.adafruit.com/creating-gifs-for-smartmatrix.md)
- [Adafruit CharliePlex LED Matrix Bonnet](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-charlieplex-bonnet.md)
- [Connecting a 16x32 RGB LED Matrix Panel to a Raspberry Pi](https://learn.adafruit.com/connecting-a-16x32-rgb-led-matrix-panel-to-a-raspberry-pi.md)
- [MicroPython Displays: Drawing Text](https://learn.adafruit.com/micropython-displays-drawing-text.md)
- [Heart Rate Badge](https://learn.adafruit.com/heart-rate-badge.md)
- [16x24 LED Matrix](https://learn.adafruit.com/16x24-led-matrix.md)
- [Adafruit IS31FL3741](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-is31fl3741.md)